Articles and Scholarly Works
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Open access articles authored by members of the University of Minnesota community. For more information, see the University of Minnesota Open Access Policy for Scholarly Articles that went into effect January 2015.
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Item This Is the Work: A Short History of the Long Tradition of Inclusive Cataloging—Critiques and Action(American Library Association, 2024) Fox, Violet B.; Gross, TinaReparative cataloging, radical cataloging, critical cataloging, inclusive description, mutual metadata, ethical metadata, conscious editing, metadata justice: these are just some of the terms that have been used in libraries and archives to address prejudice and marginalization in description and classification. The recent proliferation of names for this work reflects a wide range of methods and goals in doing this work, but can obscure the long tradition of critiquing bias within our cataloging and classification structures. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the history and development of efforts to make cataloging more just, ethical, accurate, and useful. We also discuss why it’s so important for library workers to understand the history of efforts to improve the structures we work within and why they should embrace the iterative, enduring nature of this work.Item Did Libraries 'Change the Subject'? What Happened, What Didn't, and What's Ahead(American Library Association, 2024) Baron, Jill E.; Fox, Violet B.; Gross, TinaOn November 12, 2021, the Library of Congress (LC) announced via a press release issued by the American Library Association that it would update the cataloging subject headings “Aliens” and “Illegal aliens” to “Noncitizens” and “Illegal immigration.” Previously, the Library of Congress had announced plans in March 2016 to remove “Illegal aliens” from its vocabulary, but this met with unprecedented political backlash from members of Congress and the conservative media, causing the Library of Congress not to follow through. During the ensuing five years, library workers advocated for the term’s removal from the subject heading vocabulary. In the face of the LC’s inaction, hundreds of libraries defied the national standard by changing the subject headings locally in order to provide more humane and inclusive description of books related to undocumented immigrants. Many in the library community received the November 2021 decision with surprise given that LC had been silent on this issue for more than five years. Many were also dissatisfied with the choice of replacement term: “Illegal immigration,” instead of “Unauthorized immigration,” as had been announced in 2016. The word “Illegal” in the heading, while not referring specifically to people, still continued to evoke anti-immigrant sentiment, and was not acceptable to those who had fought to “drop the ‘I’ word” from LC’s vocabulary for years. Three library workers, the authors of this chapter, organized focus groups in November-December 2021 in order to find out how library workers felt about the change. We invited participation through social media channels, and in all, 130 participants signed up for the 12 available focus groups. Most of the participants were library workers, although non-library workers (teaching faculty, individuals interested in the issue) were also in attendance. In this chapter, we share key takeaways from these group sessions, as well as developments over the past years and ongoing efforts to change this heading. We also discuss how attention to these headings has fueled discussion and action around broader issues of bias and power in the maintenance of library structures and standards.Item Ephemeral Geodata: An Impending Digital Dark Age(Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 2024-09-12) Majewicz, Karen; Martindale, Jaime; Kernik, Melinda; Mattke, RyanDespite the unprecedented rate of geospatial data (“geodata”) generation, we are paradoxically creating a potential “dark age” in geospatial knowledge due to a failure to archive it. In the 20th century, map libraries systematically collected and preserved government-issued maps. However, many have not expanded to include digital formats, which have replaced paper maps in most domains. Compounding this issue is the prevailing practice among government data providers to continuously update public data without adequately preserving previous iterations, thus overwriting the historical record. Consequently, a pronounced gap has emerged in the availability of geospatial information, spanning from the end of the paper map era to the recent past. If unaddressed, this gap is poised to widen, severely impeding future longitudinal research. This paper assesses the current and predicted availability of state and local geographic information across various locations and time periods, analyzing academic map collections and public geodata. Central to our argument is the role of academic libraries in bridging this gap by collecting and preserving yesterday’s geodata. We advocate for libraries to ensure that historical geodata will be accessible for future scholars.Item Mapping Prejudice: The Map Library as a Hub for Community Co-Creation and Social Change(Taylor & Francis, 2022-06-14) Mattke, Ryan; Delegard, Kirsten; Leebaw, DanyaThe John R. Borchert Map Library was the ideal incubator for an experiment that has changed how a wide range of people are thinking about structural racism and the history of race in American urban environments. Mapping Prejudice used a cartographic visualization of racial covenants as the intellectual nexus of a project that transcended disciplinary boundaries and invited community members into cutting-edge research work. The Map Library provided the physical space, resources, and geospatial expertise necessary for community-driven mapping work. It also served as an intersectional hub necessary for this transformative research initiative, illustrating the synergies between map librarianship and other disciplines. The work depended on the unique contributions of the map librarian: project management; experience networking with researchers, campus departments, and community groups; and knowledge of best practices surrounding data management, curation, and reuse. This article explains how Mapping Prejudice changed academic scholarship and public understandings by engaging volunteers in meaningful research. It concludes by providing a description of future directions for this project and calls on librarians to lead more work of this kind. The example of Mapping Prejudice suggests ways that map librarians can be leading new modes of inclusive, equitable and community-responsive research.Item Displaced by Revolution: Loyalists in Limbo within the Spanish Empire(Age of Revolutions, 2023-06-08) Chambers, Sarah C.Thousands of Spanish subjects were displaced by first the Haitian Revolution in the 1790s and then the Spanish American wars of independence from 1810-1825. Some fled to foreign countries, but many prioritized areas still controlled by Spain, particularly Cuba and Puerto Rico. Unlike British loyalists from North America, few received compensation for the losses they had incurred. Displaced imperial administrators did receive pensions valued at two-thirds of their salary until they could return to their former positions. But, with the exception of some in Puerto Rico, civilians, mostly born in the colonies, were not guaranteed assistance. Although Spanish subjects in Spanish territory, they found themselves in limbo, as they were seen as outsiders and expected to return to their places of origin once the Crown had suppressed the revolutions.Item Communities of Practice Toolkit from the C2DREAM Community Engagement Core(2024-09-09) Graff, Yasamin; BlueDog Crow, Hannah; Gollust, Sarah; Kinzer, Hannah; Ortega, Luis; Pergament, Shannon; Novillo, Walter; Stately, Antony; Diaz Vickery, Katherine; Jacklin, Kristen; Brewer, LaPrincess; Pratt, RebekahThe goal of this Toolkit is for someone to be able to plan their own Community of Practice, and includes examples of process documents, emails, forms, and our evaluation tool.Item Happiness with recovery from alcohol and substance use disorders predits abstinence and treatment retention(2024) Krentzman, Amy R; Zemore, Sarah E; Bowen, Elizabeth APurpose: Although research has primarily focused on the role of indicators of poor functioning in treatment outcomes for alcohol and other substance use disorders (SUDs), a growing body of positive psychology research explores the importance of indicators of wellbeing for SUD recovery. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from an intervention study to clarify the association between wellbeing indicators and treatment outcomes. Methods: We recruited participants (N=81; M=39 years old, 53% female, 26% BIPOC, 46% indicating alcohol as primary addiction) from three treatment centers in the Upper Midwest in 2020-2021. We used baseline survey data to examine the association between wellbeing indicators (assessed M=62 [SD=57] days after intake at host treatment center) and two treatment outcomes: abstinence (yes/no) and treatment retention (leaving on good terms/leaving for other reasons). Wellbeing indicators included positive affect, serenity, flourishing, happiness with recovery, satisfaction with life, trait gratitude, commitment to sobriety, quality of life, and confidence staying sober. We calculated point biserial correlations between wellbeing indicators and binary outcomes. Logistic regression models examined the relationship between each wellbeing indicator significant in correlation analyses with treatment outcomes while controlling for urges to use, recruitment site, and days of sobriety. Results: Serenity (OR=1.386) and happiness with recovery (OR=1.625) were associated with abstinence; and positive affect (OR=1.121), flourishing (OR=1.119), and happiness with recovery (OR=1.501) were associated with leaving treatment on good terms, controlling for covariates (p<.05). Flourishing (OR=1.115) was marginally associated with abstinence and serenity (OR=1.234) was marginally associated with leaving on good terms at p<.10. Conclusions: People who are happy with their recovery are more likely to remain sober and leave treatment on good terms. Assessed via a single-item measure we developed ( “Overall, I am happy with my recovery”), results show promise for a novel, simple assessment approach to measuring wellbeing in recovery and a potential target for intervention: increase happiness with recovery. Future studies should explore the relationship between wellbeing indicators, especially happiness with recovery, and treatment outcomes using larger samples and among subpopulations of people in recovery from SUD.Item Investigating Interaction of Tissue-Specific Circadian Rhythms in Arabidopsis(2024-08-31) Crenshaw, Eiley C.; Zulfiqar, Alveena; Menon, AnandaItem Do you want a state government official to support your policy idea? Bring good research (and expect better outcomes)(The Fulcrum, 2024-01-09) Carter, Patrick; Cheng, Yuan (Daniel); Merrick, Weston; Xu, ChengxinItem Anti-fibrotic Approach Ameliorates Muscle Pathology in FSHD Animal Model(2024-05-14) Chen, Kenric T; Ahsan, HaseebFacioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) stands out as one of the most prevalent forms of muscular dystrophy. Central to its pathogenesis is the misexpression of the DUX4 gene within skeletal muscle, triggering a cascade of molecular and cellular events that lead to progressive muscle weakness. The hallmark histological features of affected muscles include myofiber loss, immune cell infiltration, and deposition of fat and fibrous tissue. This excessive accumulation of collagenous extracellular matrix disrupts muscle physiology, diminishes regenerative capacity, and fosters dystrophic outcomes. Hence, our study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic approach of targeting fibroadipogenic processes in DUX4-affected muscles. We investigated the effects of several antifibrotic drugs, known for their efficacy in acute muscle injury models, using a doxycycline-regulated DUX4-expressing FSHD mouse model. iDUX4pA;HSA mice were induced with low levels of doxycycline to express barely detectable DUX4 in myofibers and promote moderate muscle injury similar to that observed in patients. The effectiveness of the drugs was evaluated based on the severity of muscle damage, regeneration, and fibrosis at 3 weeks of treatment. Our findings revealed one drug that moderately improved muscle composition, evidenced by increased myofiber size and enhanced muscle regeneration. Treated mice exhibited reduced infiltration of fibroadipogenic (FAPs) and macrophages in affected muscles. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with fibrosis and inflammation was diminished, supporting the beneficial effect of the drug. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the potential benefits of antifibrotic drug treatment in mildly DUX4-affected muscle in a DUX4-based FSHD animal model.Item Wounds of Engagement: Realities of Black Women Leadership at Historically white Institutions(2024-08-26) Oates, EvangelaThere are very few Black women in executive leadership in academic libraries at Historically white Institutions. While the profession often report this lack of representation as a pipeline issue, the real failure is the lack of support in developing and retaining Black women leaders. Given the "hidden curriculum" of leadership, what are some strategies for Black women to create their own avenues for leadership while investing in the development of their direct reports. This session will share some practices in how a Black woman administrator sought to apply effective, humane leadership practices to her organization while seeking to support and nurture good leadership qualities in her directors and managers.Item Friendship Within and Across Borders: Perceptions of Social Networks Among First-Year International Students of Color(Journal of International Students, 2021-07-09) Briscoe, Kaleb L.; Yao, Christina W.; Oates, Evangela Q.; Rutt, Jennifer N.; Buell, Kathleen J.Establishing social networks can be extremely challenging when international students, particularly those of color, move to a new academic and social environment. We examine the perceptions of social networks among first-year international students of color and how these networks affect their experiences at a predominantly White institution (PWI). This study illuminates participants’ relationships with U.S. domestic students and the power of language, culture, and shared experiences through a longitudinal narrative inquiry. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are described in-depth for practitioners.Item Decoloniality as Praxis: Restoration, Freedom, and Justice(2024-08-25) Oates, Evangela Q.In our consideration of how we develop and enact strategies in which decoloniality of libraries may be realized, Black American librarians must have a collective understanding of the urgency of situating our ways of knowing and the curation of knowledge as part of epistemic restoration and justice. As noted by Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2019) “the intention of colonialism was destroying other civilizations rather than blending different worlds…colonialism engaged in a redefinition of the human species, socially classifying and racially hierarchizing rather than inventing common humanity” (pp. 202-203). Given the current fascist and genocidal (global) practices of white supremacy, how might we, practitioners, administrators, and teachers, reclaim our epistemic heritage to reimage libraries beyond their current functions? In this session, the presenter will define decoloniality, show examples of cultural genocide (history, culture, and memory) and epistemic injustice, and invite the attendees as thinking partners to envision libraries as not just physical manifestations of knowing and memory.Item BIPOC Leaders Reimagining Change to Advance Diversity, Equity, and Student Success(2024-08-26) Oates, Evangela Q.; Gong, Regina H.Critical to the work of academic libraries is their role in ensuring student success. Student success often consists of metrics such as self-efficacy, academic achievement, completion, retention, and persistence (Soika, 2021), which may be profoundly different for racially minoritized students as they often navigate under-resources, racialized, and gendered environments (Anyon et al., 2016; Solorazano et al., 2000). At the heart of student success is how well universities provide opportunities for student engagement that reflect their lived experiences as citizens and students. As a programmatic imperative, student success is becoming increasingly prevalent in academic libraries. This is a multifaceted effort involving not just the library but various areas of student, academic, and co-curricular engagement on campus. Recent efforts are underway in academic libraries that allow for the creation of new positions specifically geared toward student success. More importantly, we see an increasing number of administrator-level positions such as associate deans/assistant dean, being created to ensure the consolidation of student success programs and services. This presentation will explore these new roles through the experiences of two BIPOC associate deans across different institutions. We will discuss stepping into these new roles, re-imagining possibilities, and working towards empowerment and institutional transformation.Item Minnesota Stormwater Research Program Annual Report - 2024(2024-07-18) Bilotta, John; Karschnia, Maggie; Wells, Elizabeth; Johnsen, LennaAnnual report for the Minnesota Stormwater Research Program and the Minnesota Stormwater Research CouncilItem Evidence-based Practices and U.S. State Government Civil Servants : Current Use, Challenges and Pathways Forward(Public Administratoin Review, 2024) Cheng, Yuan (Daniel); Thompson, Leslie; Wang, Shuping; Marzec, Jules; Xu, Chengxin; Merrick, Weston; Carter, PatrickLeveraging a three-state survey of 323 civil servants and 36 interviews, representing blue and red states, this university-government-nonprofit collaborative research project aims to better understand how civil servants access and use evidence in their decision-making process. Our findings show that 54% of respondents find evidence-based practices (EBPs) useful in making budget, policy, and contracting decisions, with 68% of civil servants anticipating future benefits from evidence use. Our hypothetical funding choice experiment indicates that civil servants prefer programs that are more recent and in their state, identify outcomes over outputs, demonstrate effectiveness for diverse demographic groups, and are evaluated by independent research entities. The main challenges in using EBPs include time constraints, resource limitations, decision-making fragmentation, and lack of evidence for certain communities. Qualitative interviews provide valuable strategies for overcoming these challenges. We conclude this article by offering practical insights for improving the integration of EBPs in state government decision-making processes.Item OpenGeoMetadata Aardvark: A new geospatial metadata application profile(Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 2024-08-13) Majewicz, Karen; Seifried, Rebecca; Powell, SusanIn this article, we introduce OpenGeoMetadata (OGM) Aardvark, a metadata application profile designed to describe digital resources that are spatial in nature, including geospatial data, digitized maps, scanned aerial imagery, interactive web maps, and more. OGM Aardvark was originally developed for GeoBlacklight software to facilitate discovery with map interfaces and normalized text faceting. However, the schema’s flat structure and human-readable JSON format can be adapted to other platforms to power advanced keyword and spatial searches. We encourage everyone working with geospatial resources to consider using OGM Aardvark to describe these assets, either as the primary profile or to supplement a preservation metadata standard. We review how OGM Aardvark came to be, from its inception in 2014 as the “GeoBlacklight metadata schema” (GBL 1.0) to its current expanded form, and how it compares to other common metadata frameworks, such as MARC, DCAT, or ISO. Examples from GeoBlacklight instances demonstrate how OGM Aardvark enables patrons to discover geospatial resources.Item Economic impact of SNAP benefits Crookston farmers market(Univeristy of Minnesota , College of Extension, Department of Community Development, 2022-12-15) Tuck , Brigid; Bhattacharyya, RaniThe Headstart Program of Crookston, MN wanted to articulate to the community the benefits that the farmers market brought to them with the addition of SNAP, Market Bucks, and Produce Bucks that help low to moderate income families access fresh food products.Item Music Faculty after Pandemic Closures: A Mixed Methods Study of Evolving Resource Preferences and Libraries(Notes: The Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, 2025-03) Clark, Joe C.; Abbazio, Jessica M.; Sauceda, JonathanThe dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education and the growth in popularity of commercial services such as YouTube warrant an examination of how music faculty have and have not changed their teaching practices and what role the library has played in their pedagogy. Building on a 2017 publication, this mixed methods, multi-institutional study examined the practices of instructors at three universities to determine what materials they used to support their teaching, their preferred sources and formats of learning content, the library’s role in meeting these needs, obstacles in using library resources, and the ways in which the pandemic changed their approach to using resources. Results indicated that faculty preferred for their library to invest in electronic collections over physical materials, they favored obtaining some types of materials from non-library sources, and their use of most library services had rebounded from the declines observed during institutional closures.