Browsing by Subject "Jobs"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    Access Across America: Walk 2014 Data
    (2015-08-21) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, Brendan; Levinson, David M; aowen@umn.edu; Owen, Andrew; University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies, Accessibility Observatory
    These data were created as part of a study that examined the accessibility to jobs by walking in the 53 largest (by population) metropolitan areas in the United States. It is the most detailed evaluation to date of access to jobs by walking, and it allows for a direct comparison of the walking accessibility performance of America's largest metropolitan areas.
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    Access in Appalachia Pilot Implementation Project
    (Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2024-05) Jain, Saumya; Lind, Eric; Owen, Andrew; Liu, Shirley Shiqin
    The Access in Appalachia Pilot Implementation Project report is an exploration of transportation accessibility within the Appalachian Region. Here, Accessibility means the ease with which people can travel to valued destinations. Commissioned by the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) and led by the Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration, this project represents a significant leap forward in the understanding of the intersections between economic development, land use, and transportation infrastructure. Through innovative methodologies this project measures, analyzes, and visualizes the access of Appalachian residents to critical opportunities, including jobs, education, healthcare, entertainment, and intermodal freight facilities. The analyses reveal critical insights into transportation dynamics, land use practices, and accessibility nuances, often marked by the urban vs rural landscape within the Appalachian region, offering pathways for strategic development. The report highlights need for tailored transportation strategies, informed decision-making, and equitable planning to address the diverse needs of Appalachia's varied landscapes to foster socio-economic growth.
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    Accessibility: Distribution across diverse populations
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2021) Carlson, Kristin; Owen, Andrew
    High-resolution data are used to evaluate the distribution of job accessibility among workers at the national, state, regional, and urban scales. Here, accessibility refers to the ease of reaching valuable destinations by transit and driving time. Annually updated accessibility datasets produced by the National Accessibility Evaluation are paired with Census data to tie accessibility, jobs, and worker information at the block level. Minnesota is selected as a case study for analyzing accessibility and drawing findings from the spatial datasets. The average accessibility by worker age, monthly earnings, educational attainment, race, and sex are calculated using data for the weekday morning commute by automobile and transit. The greatest variation in average accessibility among demographic groups is found for worker race. Based on home location, non-White workers systematically experience far higher accessibility to jobs by both automobile and transit than White workers as a percent difference from the population average. The finding holds at the national, state, and regional geographies. Additional findings are presented for each demographic group. The analyses presented here can be applied to other states and regions to; identify where accessibility is distributed most and least equitably, and to guide policy decisions for equitable job, housing, and transportation investments.
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    Impact of light-rail implementation on labor market accessibility: A transportation equity perspective
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2012) Fan, Yingling; Guthrie, Andrew; Levinson, David
    This study seeks to examine transit’s role in promoting social equity by assessing the before-after impacts of recent transit changes in the Twin Cities, including the opening of the Hiawatha light-rail line, on job accessibility among workers of different wage categories. Geospatial, descriptive, and regression analyses find that proximity to light-rail stations and bus stops offering direct rail connections are associated with large, statistically significant gains in accessibility to low-wage jobs. These gains stand out from changes in accessibility for the transit system as a whole. Implications of the study results for informing more equitable transit polices are discussed.
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    Inequitable job accessibility across educational and hukou groups in Beijing: An analysis of transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs
    (Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Sun, Tieshan; Fan, Yingling
    This paper documents inequitable transit-based accessibility to sectoral jobs among population groups with different educational attainment and hukou status in Beijing, China. A cumulative transit-based job accessibility measure is applied and multiple data sources are used, including the transit travel-time data from a Chinese web mapping service and the population and employment distribution data from the 2010 Population Census and the 2013 Economic Census of Beijing. We find clear differences in transit-based job accessibility among employment sectors and among population groups in Beijing. On average, jobs in the finance sector are the most accessible by transit, and jobs in the manufacturing sector are the least accessible by transit. Despite having the highest transit dependency, the low-educated migrant population has the lowest transit-based job accessibility regardless of employment sectors. The disparities are especially large when tying specific populations with specific sectors. Within 60 minutes, the low-educated migrant population using transit, on average, can only access 4.6% of total manufacturing jobs in Beijing. In contrast, the same measure for the highly educated local population accessing jobs in the finance sector is as high as 48.3%. The findings suggest that general transit improvements and jobs and population redistribution efforts, without specific sectoral and population considerations, are unlikely to create equal access to job opportunities. In Beijing, greater attention must be paid to connect the low-educated migrant population to low-skilled and decentralized jobs in the manufacturing, construction, and transportation and storage sectors.
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    Job Disparities and Economic Development Opportunities
    (2006) Cunningham, Yolanda
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    Outreach to Hmong Americans on the East Side of St Paul
    (2001) Chuyangheu, May; Thao, Sheng
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    Spatial and Skills Mismatch of Unemployment and Job Vacancies
    (Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2016-05) Fan, Yingling; Guthrie, Andrew; Das, Kirti Vardhan
    Disadvantaged urban workers often find themselves in a double bind. They may be qualified for many entry-level jobs, but have no way of reaching suburban employment centers; they may also be easily able to reach many jobs nearby, but lack the qualifications for them. These two statements describe the interconnected problems of spatial mismatch and skills mismatch. This report studies the current state of spatial and skills mismatch in the region, as well as coordination between transit planning and workforce development and opportunities to improve that coordination. The research finds greatly varying transit access to job vacancies across the region, with some disadvantaged areas having relatively low access. Proposed transit improvements would have modest regional effects on spatial mismatch, but large localized benefits in disadvantaged areas. Important "sweet spots" for workforce development exist, defined as in-demand occupations with low education requirements that are likely to pay a living wage. Transit planners and workforce development professionals both call for greater coordination between their fields. The report recommends redefining "accessible jobs" based on transit access, not geography, considering every stage of connecting workers with jobs, from what skills they have, to what training is available, to what jobs can be reached by transit, as well as collecting regional data on job seekers' skills. The report also recommends identifying employers with labor supply problems, considering disadvantaged workers’ complex schedules, engaging with TMO's and pursuing creative first mile/last mile solutions to connect workplaces with transit lines, as well as pursuing transit-oriented economic development.
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    Why We Should Invest Money in Child Care.
    (1999) Polaskova, Renata