Browsing by Author "Sampedro, Fernando"

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An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Weaned Pigs Within, Into, and Outside of a Control Area during a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak in the United States
(2020-02-11) Cardona, Carol; Culhane, Marie; Goldsmith, Timothy; Iglesias, Irene; Soininen, Riikka; Patterson, Gilbert; Sampedro, Fernando; VanderWaal, Kimberly; Vesterinen, Heidi; Walz, Emily
This document is a proactive semi-qualitative Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of live pigs during a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the swine industry in the United States will result in the spread of FMD virus (FMDv) to other premises with swine. This assessment evaluates risks of FMDv spread associated with: the movement of weaned pigs originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
Do Alternative Livestock Production Systems Yield Safer Food?
(Food Policy Research Center, 2013-07) Cherry, Cara; Davies, Peter; Deen, John; Sampedro, Fernando
E-supplement to: Identifying hazards in animal food: A method for evaluation of scientific literature and recall history
(2017) Evanson, Jessica; Alexander, Catherine; Sampedro, Fernando; Boyer, Tim; Nault, Andre J.; Goldsmith, Timothy J.
FMDv Survival in Fresh Pork Meat Information Sheet
(2018) Goldsmith, Timothy; Patterson, Gilbert; Sampedro, Fernando; Snider, Timothy; Soininen, Riikka; VanderWaal, Kimberly; Vesterinen, Heidi; Walz, Emily; Culhane, Marie
FMDv Survival in Pork Products - Visual Guide
(2018) Goldsmith, Timothy; Patterson, Gilbert; Sampedro, Fernando; Snider, Timothy; Soininen, Riikka; VanderWaal, Kimberly; Vesterinen, Heidi; Walz, Emily; Culhane, Marie
Guidelines for developing a risk-based plan to mitigate virus transmission from imported feed ingredients
(2019) Schettino, Daniella N; van de Ligt, Jennifer LG; Sampedro, Fernando; Shurson, Gerald C; Urriola, Pedro E
There is increasing concern regarding the risk of swine disease transmission via feed ingredients, whether imported or domestically produced. This risk may be reduced in the feed ingredient supply chain by identifying and implementing preventive controls (supply chain, sanitation, transportation, and process) at different steps of the chain. The objective of this study was to develop a practical guide to help feed ingredient suppliers and buyers to safely manufacture, package, transport, and use feed ingredients in swine feeding programs. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) provides the basis of this study because these regulations require proactive risk-based preventive control processes that are applied in the food supply chain to prevent or reduce the risk of hazards from being present in the final product. Using this conceptual framework, implementation of preventive controls in the feed production chain can control or decrease the potential introduction of foreign animal viruses through feed ingredients into the U.S. A decision tree was developed as a first step in identifying preventive controls and potential high-risk feed ingredient sourcing scenarios. A case-study using Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) and the corresponding decision tree was developed as an illustration on how to use this new approach. Although this approach is based on swine viral diseases, it can serve as a template for other pathogenic viruses and species.
Pathway Analysis of the Movement of Recovered Cattle From a FMD-Infected Feedlot to Slaughter
(2015-12) Evanson, Jessica; Sampedro, Fernando; VanderWaal, Kim; Goldsmith, Timothy
Potential impacts of a zero tolerance policy for Salmonella on raw meat and poultry
(Food Policy Research Center, 2015-01) Hedberg, Craig; Bender, Jeff; Sampedro, Fernando; Wells, Scott
Potential impacts of classifying specific strains of Salmonella with multi-drug resistance as adulterants in ground beef and poultry products
(Food Policy Research Center, 2015-01) Hedberg, Craig; Bender, Jeff; Sampedro, Fernando; Wells, Scott
Risk Assessment for the Transmission of Foot and Mouth Disease via Movement of Swine and Cattle Carcasses from FMD-infected Premises to a Disposal Site
(2014) Slingluff, Jamie; Sampedro, Fernando; Goldsmith, Timothy J.
The present risk assessment proactively evaluated the risk of infecting susceptible livestock by the movement of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) infected carcasses (swine and cattle) from FMD infected premises. The risk assessment evaluated the most up to date available science and solicited opinion from experts when data was lacking. This risk assessment is proactive in nature and the scenarios, pathways and depopulation practices assessed were based on the current practices and regulations applicable during an animal disease outbreak in the US. The characteristics, types of conveyance methods, and equipment used to transport the infected carcasses were provided from expert opinion and verified through site visits. Different modeling techniques were used to estimate the number of infected animals during a FMD outbreak at various time intervals, the total time estimated from infection to depopulation and the total amount of FMD virus (FMDv) contained in a disposal truck. The main outcomes of the risk assessment should be reviewed if needed as new data becomes available in the future. Risk estimation: The risk of FMD infection of susceptible livestock associated with the movement of swine and cattle carcasses from FMD infected premises to a disposal site during a FMD outbreak in the United States is negligible when using a standard rendering truck (tailgate sealed and tarp cover) and a Bio-Zip bag, and between negligible and low when using a standard rendering truck or a roll-off /dump truck with a Bio-Zip bag. The risk level in other scenarios (uncovered standard rendering trucks, uncovered roll-off/dump trucks, covered rolloff/ dump trucks and a liner) is between moderate and high. Main results: Time for FMD detection was estimated by a disease spread model to be between 4-10 days for swine and beef cattle and 3-9 days for dairy cattle premises of different sizes. Total time from infection to depopulation (including detection and confirmation) for the first FMD infected case was estimated to be between 10-15 days for swine, 8-12 days for dairy and 10-14 days for beef cattle premises. Total time estimated for subsequent FMD cases was between 7-12 days for swine, 6-9 for dairy and 8-11 days for beef cattle premises. Most of the animals (>65% for the first case and >81% for subsequent cases) were viremic at the time of depopulation. The average concentration of FMDv in a carcass in experimental inoculation studies was 103 Plaque- Forming Unit per gram (PFU/g) for a pig carcass and 106 PFU/g for a cattle carcass. The total amount of infected carcasses moved to the disposal site (relative to the size of the animal carcass and the capacity of the truck trailer) was between 23-390 cattle carcasses and 117-780 pig carcasses per truck. Any small amount of body fluids (1 mL) would contain virus that is equal and greatly exceeds the infective dose by oral and inhalation route for pigs and cattle. The likelihood that swine and cattle carcasses moved from FMD positive premises will contain an infective dose was high. The use of a Bio-Zip bag in a standard rendering truck (tailgate sealed and tarp cover) reduces the likelihood of leakage, spillage and aerosolization to negligible.
Risk Assessment for the Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease via the Transport of Raw Milk Into, Within, and Outside of a Control Area during an Outbreak
(2013-05) Bjork, Kathe; Easter Strayer, Sarah; Freifeld, Alexis; Goldsmith, Timothy; Johnson, Kristen; LoSapio, Carol; Malladi, Sasidhar; Mellenbacher, Shelley; Sampedro, Fernando; Weaver, Todd
Risk assessment of feed ingredients of porcine origin as vehicles for transmission of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)
(2015) Sampedro, Fernando; Snider, Tim; Bueno, Irene; Bergeron, Justin; Urriola, Pedro E; Davies, Peter R
The objective of this project was to assess the likelihood that feed ingredients of porcine origin may function as vehicles of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) transmission via feed. The scope of the assessment included rendered ingredients, ingredients derived through spray drying porcine blood, and ingredients derived by hydrolyzing porcine tissues. For any feed ingredient, the risk of the release of infective PEDV is a function of: (1) the concentration of PEDV in the raw materials; (2) the virus survival after ingredient processing (3) the survival of virus during post-processing storage and distribution; and 4) the likelihood of post-processing contamination incorporating PEDV into the finished ingredient. No data on PEDV contamination of raw materials were available for the rendering and hydrolyzed protein sources. Estimates of PEDV contamination of liquid plasma were available from industry, based on PCR testing of ingredients over time, and were used in quantitative modeling. The assessments made in this project were constrained by a paucity of specific data on several aspects that are germane to the risk of PEDV transmission in feed ingredients of porcine origin. Available data on thermal inactivation of PEDV indicate that risk of virus surviving the processes of rendering and hydrolysis (peptone production) are negligible. The time and temperature profiles used in spray-drying are much less severe, and therefore, the possibility of virus survival is inherently greater if non-thermal mechanisms are ignored. Overall, currently available data indicate that probability of PEDV surviving the spray-drying process and current commercial storage periods is extremely small. In the course of the project, several data gaps were identified that contributed to the uncertainty. Risk assessment is an iterative process and the findings of this report may be revised in the future if new knowledge becomes available.
Risk Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Pork Products from Premises Previous to the Establishment of a Control Area as a Source of Infection of Susceptible Livestock During a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak in the United States
(2018) Goldsmith, Timothy; Patterson, Gilbert; Sampedro, Fernando; Snider, Timothy; Soininen, Riikka; VanderWaal, Kimberly; Vesterinen, Heidi; Walz, Emily; Culhane, Marie
Risk prioritization of pork supply movements during an FMD outbreak in the US - Data and Materials
(2016-08-22) Patterson, Gilbert R; Hofelich Mohr, Alicia; Snider, Tim; Lindsay, Thomas A; Davies, Peter; Goldsmith, Tim; Sampedro, Fernando; patte606@umn.edu; Patterson, Gilbert R
In the event of a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in the U.S., local, state, and federal authorities will implement a foreign animal disease emergency response plan restricting the pork supply chain movements and likely disrupting the continuity of the swine industry business. To minimize disruptions of the food supply while providing an effective response in an outbreak, it is necessary to ensure eradication strategies and risk management efforts are focused towards the most critical movements; those that are most necessary for business continuity and most likely to contribute to disease spread. This study recruited experts from production, harvest, retail, and allied pork industries to assess 30 common pork supply movements for their industry criticality. Movements spanned five categories: equipment, live animal production, genetics, harvest, and people. Experts were recruited via email to the American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) mailing list and their assessments were collected via an online survey. For each of the thirty movements, experts were asked to rate the risk of FMD spread using a four-point scale, from no or slight risk of disease spread to high risk of disease spread. Then they were asked to estimate the time at which the restriction of each movement during an outbreak would have a significant negative consequence on business (e.g., high likelihood of bankruptcy, negative impact on animal welfare). These two facets of each movement were analyzed to provide an initial guide for prioritization of risk management efforts and resources to be better prepared in the event of a FMD outbreak in the US.
RTE Risk Assessment Fact Sheet - Preslaughter Transfer of Animals
(2018) Goldsmith, Timothy; Patterson, Gilbert; Sampedro, Fernando; Snider, Timothy; Soininen, Riikka; VanderWaal, Kimberly; Vesterinen, Heidi; Walz, Emily; Culhane, Marie
Supplementary files for an expert-based risk ranking framework for assessing potential pathogens in the live baitfish trade
(2022-05-06) McEachran, Margaret C.; Travis, Dominic A.; Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; Sampedro, Fernando; thom4412@umn.edu; McEachran, Margaret C.; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)
The purpose of this study was to develop a “hazard identification” and ranking tool to identify the pathogens that pose the highest risk to wild fish from the release of live baitfish by recreational anglers in freshwater systems. We developed a screening protocol and semi-quantitative stochastic risk ranking framework by combining published data with expert elicitation (n=25) and applied the framework to identify high-priority pathogens for the bait supply in Minnesota, USA. Normalized scores were developed for seven risk criteria (likelihood of transfer, prevalence in bait supply, likelihood of colonization, current distribution, economic impact if established, ecological impact if established, and host species) to characterize a pathogen’s ability to persist in the bait supply and cause impacts to wild fish species of concern. Of an initial list of 33, 15 potential pathogens met the criteria for inclusion and were evaluated using the semi-quantitative framework. The generalist macroparasite Schizocotyle acheilognathi was identified as presenting highest overall threat to wild Minnesota fish, followed by the microsporidian Ovipleistophora ovariae, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. Our findings contribute to the development of risk-based prevention and surveillance methods in support of front-line managers charged with maintaining both the aquatic sporting industry and sustainable, healthy natural resources in Minnesota. In addition, the ranking framework provides a standardized conceptual framework for prioritizing management as novel disease needs emerge.

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