Monte carlo simulation studies

Abstract

This paper reviews the use of the monte carlo method to help illuminate various issues in the area of multidimensional scaling. Both two-way and three-way multidimensional scaling models and procedures are considered. Sampling distribution studies, studies comparing different procedures, and studies that have examined the basic capabilities of the methods under a variety of conditions are reviewed. Based upon the simulations, recommendations are given regarding several problems that face the user of multidimensional scaling techniques, for example, choosing a computer program, deciding upon the appropriate dimensionality or whether useful structure exists in the data, and dealing with large stimulus sets. Practical advice is given regarding the use of several computer programs, including M-D-SCAL, TORSCA, SSA-I, KYST, MINISSA-I, INDSCAL, ALSCAL, and MULTISCALE, as well as traditional Young-Householder- Torgerson scaling.