JTLU Volume 4, No. 3 (2011)

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https://hdl.handle.net/11299/170173

Table of Contents:

Introducing the World Society for Transport and Land Use Research, pp. 1-2

The impact of the residential built environment on work at home adoption frequency: An example from Northern California, pp. 3-22

Mobile phones and telecommuting: Effects on trips and tours of Londoners, pp. 23-41

The attributes of residence/workplace areas and transit commuting, pp. 43-63

The impact of residential growth patterns on vehicle travel and pollutant emissions , pp. 65-80

Divergence of potential state-level performance measures to assess transportation and land use coordination, pp. 81-103

Using multi-criteria decision making to highlight stakeholders’ values in the corridor planning process, pp. 105-118

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Introducing the World Society for Transport and Land Use Research
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Krizek, Kevin; Clifton, Kelly
This article introduces vol. 4, no. 3 issue of Journal of Transport and Land Use.
The impact of the residential built environment on work at home adoption and frequency: An example from Northern California
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Tang, Wei (Laura); Mokhtarian, Patricia; Handy, Susan
Working at home is widely viewed as a useful travel-reduction strategy, and it is partly for that reason that considerable research related to telecommuting and home-based work has been conducted in the last two decades. This study examines the effect of residential neighborhood built environment (BE) factors on working at home. After systematically presenting and categorizing various relevant elements of the BE and reviewing related studies, we develop a multinomial logit (MNL) model of work-at-home (WAH) frequency using data from a survey of eight neighborhoods in Northern California. Potential explanatory variables include sociodemographic traits, neighborhood preferences and perceptions, objective neighborhood characteristics, and travel attitudes and behavior. The results clearly demonstrate the contribution of built environment variables to WAH choices, in addition to previously-identified influences such as sociodemographic predictors and com- mute time. BE factors associated with (neo)traditional neighborhoods were associated both positively and negatively with working at home. The findings suggest that land use and transportation strategies that are desirable from some perspectives will tend to weaken the motivation to work at home, and conversely, some factors that seem to increase the motivation to work at home are widely viewed as less sustainable. Accordingly, this research points to the complexity of trying to find the right balance among demand management strategies that sometimes act in competition rather than in synergy.
Mobile phones and telecommuting: Effects on trips and tours of Londoners
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Padayhag, Grace; Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk; Fukuda, Daisuke
This study contributes to the existing literature on the travel behavioral effects of mobile phone possession and telecommuting by investigating the effects of both and looking at average trips and tours per day as well as tour complexity. In contrast to other studies, we investigate the effects of “informal telecommuting,” defined as working from home on a personal computer. The data used in this study is taken from the London Area Travel Survey 2001, providing us with a large sample size of 27 634 individuals. The results of our descriptive and multivariate regression analysis imply that mobile phone possession significantly and positively affects total trips made, but does not necessarily affect tour complexity. Our study provides good evidence that mobile phone possession is clearly associated to total tours made. Though telecommuting does decrease the number of work trips, trips for other purposes (such as shopping or leisure) are likely to increase. We provide further evidence that it is the simple home-work-home tours that decrease through telecommuting and are replaced by other tour types, keeping the total tour numbers fairly constant. The effects are particularly pronounced for the part-time working population. Controlling for geographic characteristics, we further find that population density has an effect on the number of leisure trips and on tour complexity but not on the number of work or shopping trips.
The attributes of residence/workplace areas and transit commuting
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Lee, Bumsoo; Gordon, Peter; Moore, James, II; Richardson, Harry
Area type matters when we try to explain variations in public transit commuting; workplace (commuting destination) type matters more than residence (origin) type. We found this statistical link over a sample of all census tracts in the four largest California metropolitan areas: Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, and Sacramento. In this research, we used a statistical cluster analysis to identify twenty generic residence neighborhood types and fourteen workplace neighborhood types. The variables used in the analysis included broad indicators of lo- cation and density, street design, transit access, and highway access. Once identified, the denser neighborhoods had higher transit commuting, other things equal. Yet what distinguishes this research is that we did not use a simple density measure to differentiate neighborhoods. Rather, density was an important ingredient of our neighborhood-type definition, which surpassed simple density in explanatory power.
The impact of residential growth patterns on vehicle travel and pollutant emissions
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Niemeier, Deb; Bai, Song; Handy, Susan
In light of the increasing reliance on compact growth as a fundamental strategy for reducing vehicle emissions, it is important to better understand how land use-transportation interactions influence the production of mobile source emissions. To date, research findings have produced mixed conclusions as to whether compact development as a strategy for accommodating urban growth significantly reduces vehicle travel and, by extension, mitigates environmental impacts, particularly in the area of air quality. Using an integrated simulation approach coupled with long-term land development scenarios, we conducted an assessment of the impacts of different long-term primarily residential growth patterns on vehicle travel and pollutant emissions in the eight counties of the San Joaquin Valley region in central California. The results suggest that higher residential densities result in slightly decreased regional vehicle travel and emissions. Our comparative analysis also suggests that the effects of future land use growth patterns may vary among different spatial areas. That is, compact growth strategies can result in significantly more travel and emissions changes in already fairly urbanized counties. This work indicates a minimum density threshold of approximately 1500 households per square mile is necessary to achieve commensurate emissions reductions relative to existing densities.
Divergence of potential state-level performance measures to assess transportation and land use coordination
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Miller, John; Evans, Linda
Although performance measures encourage agreement in other disciplines, measures for state transportation and land use may engender disagreement among stakeholders. A literature review and a survey of 25 states and three metropolitan planning organizations identified 41 such measures. No single measure best quantifies effective coordination because this coordination supports potentially conflicting goals, such as better access management and increased local autonomy. Further, when measures are computed under four benevolent scenarios that each generate the support of some stakeholders—reduced transit costs, reduced congestion, increased local autonomy, and increased compact development—some performance measures indicate improvement and others do not.
Using multi-criteria decision making to highlight stakeholders’ values in the corridor planning process
(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Stich, Bethany; Holland, Joseph; Noberga, Rodrigo; O’Hara, Charles
The processes for environmental review and public participation mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act – A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) have become overly time- consuming and costly in transportation planning. This paper focuses on the implementation of transportation policy, highlighting how its complex nature challenges the traditional policy process theories. Federal and local perspectives are used as a basis for top-down and bottom- up implementation models. In addition, the authors discuss the conflicting nature of transportation policy implementation within decision processing and suggest an implementation tool that can aid transportation and planning professionals. The authors suggest that the use and integration of existing data from geospatial technologies and economic modeling can result in a visual Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model that can aid in streamlining and enhancing the NEPA process, agency coordination, and public participation in different administration levels.