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RESEARCH AND MONITORING PLAN FOR NORTHERN GOSHAWKS (Accipter gentilis atricapillus) IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION, 1999
(1999-04-13) Kennedy, Patricia L; Andersen, David E
The 2002 Waterfowl Hunting Season in Minnesota: A Study of Hunters’ Opinions and Activities
(2002) Schroeder, Sue; Fulton, David C; Lawrence, Jeffery S
Figure-Eight Harness Design and Transmitter Attachment
(2015) Streby et al.
POPULATION TRENDS OF TUNDRA-NESTING BIRDS IN CHURCHILL, MANITOBA: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF INCREASING LESSER SNOW GOOSE (CHEN CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS) POPULATIONS
(2001-08) Sammler, John E
Recent increases in lesser snow goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) abundance have raised the question of how populations of other tundra-nesting birds are impacted by increased goose herbivory and habitat degradation. Line transect surveys were conducted on 30 transects at the Nestor 1 study site outside of Churchill, Manitoba in June 1984, 1999, and 2000 to obtain estimates of population densities of tundranesting birds and determine if density changes have occurred in relation to increased goose habitat damage. We also compared bird abundance at a smaller scale between degraded and non-degraded freshwater sedge meadows. Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) increases in population densities from 1984 to 1999 and 2000. Dunlins (Calidris alpina) had significantly lower densities from 1984 to 1999 (P < 0.10) and nonsignificant declines from 1984 to 2000. Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris), lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus), savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), and the sedge meadow shorebird guild exhibited nonsignificant increases in density. The tundra-nesting passerine guild exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in density from 1984 to 1999. Arctic terns (Sterna paradiseaea), pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melantos), and willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) indicated significant (P < 0.05) declines in densities of birds seen on transects and in the numbers of transects birds were detected on. Significantly lower abundances of passerines and shorebird guild birds were detected in degraded freshwater sedge meadows versus non-degraded meadows. Results indicate that most species did not exhibit population density declines over time on the study area, despite increased snow goose damage and density. However, at the scale of the habitat patch, the same groups of species had lower abundances in degraded habitats versus non-degraded habitats. Results suggest that habitat degradation led to lower bird abundance, however habitat damage may have to be widespread and severe to elicit population density declines over a large area, like Nestor 1. The species that exhibited density declines over the study area were larger, ground-nesting species.
Assessment of Techniques for Evaluating American Woodcock Population Response to Best Management Practices Applied at the Demonstration-Area Scale (RWO 91 Annual Report, 2013)
(2012) Daly, Kyle O; Andersen, David E; Brininger Jr, Wayne L
American woodcock (Scolopax minor) have experienced significant long-term population declines in the Eastern and Central Management Regions since Singing-ground Surveys (SGS) were first implemented in the mid-1960s. Declines in population trend coupled with declines in woodcock recruitment are widely believed to be caused by the loss or alteration of early succession forest and shrubland land-cover types throughout the breeding range. Developing a system of demonstrations areas (~200 – 800 ha) where specific Best Management Practices (BMPs) are applied throughout the woodcock breeding range is one strategy to influence landscape change and potentially increase woodcock population size. However, how woodcock populations respond to BMPs applied at the demonstrationarea scale is not well documented. To evaluate woodcock response to BMPs, we are assessing four population-level metrics at Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwest Minnesota: displaying male abundance, female habitat use, female survival, and recruitment of juveniles. During the 2011 and 2012 field seasons we captured a total of 529 woodcock, including 41 (2011: n = 23, 2012: n = 18) adult female woodcock that we radio-marked. We found 50 nests (2011: n = 27, 2012: n = 23) and monitored 52 woodcock broods (2011: n = 30, 2012: n = 22). In 2011, abundance of displaying males was similar at Tamarac NWR to abundance in adjacent, reference areas, but in 2012 Tamarac NWR had higher abundance than adjacent areas. In both years, breeding females and broods used dense vegetation in managed areas.
Assessment of Techniques for Evaluating American Woodcock Population Response to Best Management Practices Applied at the Demonstration-Area Scale (RWO 91 Annual Report, 2012)
(2012) Daly, Kyle O; Andersen, David E; Brininger Jr, Wayne L
American woodcock (Scolopax minor) have experienced significant long-term declines in the Eastern and Central Management Regions since Singing-ground Surveys (SGS) were first implemented in the mid-1960s. Declines in population trend coupled with declines in woodcock recruitment (indexed through immature:adult female ratios derived from wingcollection surveys) are widely believed to be caused by the loss or alteration of early succession forest and shrubland land-cover types throughout the breeding range. Developing a system of demonstrations areas (≈200 – 800 ha) where specific Best Management Practices (BMPs) are applied throughout the woodcock breeding range is one strategy to influence landscape change and potentially increase woodcock populations. However, how woodcock populations respond to BMPs applied at the demonstration-area scale is not well documented. To evaluate woodcock response to BMPs, we are assessing four population-level metrics at Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwest Minnesota: displaying male abundance, female habitat use, female survival, and recruitment of juveniles. During the 2011 and 2012 field seasons we captured a total of 529 woodcock, including 41 (2011: n = 23, 2012: n = 18) adult female woodcock that we radio-marked. We found 50 nests (2011: n = 27, 2012: n = 23) and monitored 52 woodcock broods (2011: n = 30, 2012: n = 22). In 2011, abundance of displaying males was similar at Tamarac NWR to abundance in adjacent, reference areas, but in 2012 Tamarac NWR had higher abundance than adjacent areas. In both years, breeding females and broods used dense vegetation in managed areas.
Resource Use of Arctic Peregrine Falcons along the Colville River, Alaska (RWO 90 Annual Report, 2012)
(2012) Andersen, David E; Kennedy, Patricia L; Bruggeman, Jason E
To improve knowledge about the ecology, life history, and behavior of arctic peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) on the Colville River Special Area (CRSA), we propose to (1) summarize and evaluate existing CRSA peregrine nesting data to assess trends in territory occupancy and abundance, and assist in summary and evaluation of nesting habitat use and related productivity, (2) implement additional data collection efforts focused on assessing factors related to the probability a territory is occupied, and (3) identify disturbance thresholds for arctic peregrine falcons from different types of human activity. In 2011, we assisted in 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Bureau of Land Management surveys (1 during nesting and 1 during the fledgling period) of peregrine falcons on the Colville River that documented 56 pairs and 3 singles occupying 59 sites. During 2012, the Ph.D. student originally hired to lead this project left the University of Minnesota. Following that departure, we recruited a postdoctoral research associate (JEB) to take over as the lead in addressing research objective 1, beginning in September 2012. In addition, Ted Swem (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) spent the 2011‐2012 academic year at the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the University of Minnesota, and updated and formatted the long‐term arctic peregrine falcon database. Based on that historical database, we have acquired data sources related to characteristics of nest locations along the Colville River. We are currently developing models relating habitat, topography, climate, prey availability, competition, and site quality covariates to occupancy and abundance of breeding peregrines. We anticipate using the results of those models to help identify what factors have the most influence on peregrines nesting along the Colville River, and to help identify critical information needs.
Resource Use of Arctic Peregrine Falcons along the Colville River, Alaska (RWO 90 Annual Report, 2013)
(2014-02-13) Bruggeman, Jason E; Andersen, David E; Kennedy, Patricia L
To improve knowledge about the ecology, life history, and behavior of arctic peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) on the Colville River Special Area (CRSA), we proposed to (1) summarize and evaluate existing CRSA arctic peregrine nesting data to assess trends in territory occupancy and abundance, (2) assist in summary and evaluation of existing data on nesting habitat use and related productivity, (3) implement additional data collection and analysis efforts to address information needs, and (4) use results of the first three objectives to address management implications in the CRSA. To address the first objective in 2013, we used a long‐term dataset developed from breeding arctic peregrine surveys to evaluate how occupancy dynamics of individual nest sites and entire nesting cliffs were related to abiotic and biotic factors. We developed competing dynamic occupancy models with hypotheses for the probabilities of initial occupancy, colonization, local extinction, and detection, and used a stepwise procedure and information‐theoretic techniques to select the best‐approximating models. Initial occupancy probability was positively correlated with the amount of surrounding prey habitat and height of the nest site above the Colville River. Colonization probability was also positively correlated with nest height, and negatively correlated with the date of snow melt and distance to the nearest nest site occupied by a conspecific, the latter of which is likely a consequence of variability in resources along the river. Local extinction probability varied with aspect and was negatively correlated with productivity from the previous year (i.e., site quality), amount of prey habitat, and height. Colonization and local extinction probabilities were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with threshold and logarithmic functions of year. Detection probabilities varied across years and were lower during second surveys. Our results demonstrated relationships between multiple abiotic and biotic factors and arctic peregrine falcon occupancy dynamics, and suggested certain nest sites and cliffs in the CRSA could be protected differently than others. Nest sites and cliffs with historically higher productivity were occupied most frequently and had a lower probability of local extinction between years. This suggests protection measures around higher quality nest sites and cliffs would have the most impact on breeding peregrine population dynamics, and offers the possibility that current regulations in the CRSA Management Plan could be relaxed around infrequently occupied nest sites. Also related to our first objective, we used the long‐term dataset to conduct an initial analysis to assess factors related to abundance and population dynamics of arctic peregrines on cliffs. In 2014 and in relation to our third objective, we will complete analyses and develop a model of arctic peregrine resource selection, and use results to produce a map documenting historical and predicted probability of use throughout the CRSA. The results of our analyses will help identify the abiotic and biotic factors having the most influence on arctic peregrines nesting along the Colville River, and evaluate critical information needs.
DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSE OF GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER TO HABITAT MANAGEMNET ACROSS A CLIMATE CHANGE GRADIENT IN THE CORE OF THE SPECIES' RANGE: 2013 SUMMARY REPORT
(2013-12-31) Streby, Henry M; Peterson, Sean M; Kramer, Gunnar R; Andersen, David E
No new data were collected for this project during 2013 but the RWO was extended into 2014 to support graduate student Sean Peterson during thesis completion and manuscript preparation. That thesis was successfully defended in November 2013, and the final thesis will be submitted to the University of Minnesota in early 2014 and disseminated to all cooperators as a Final Report for this project in 2014 along with all other published products. This 2013 annual report summarizes completed products and plans for additional data analysis, manuscript preparation, and publication in refereed outlets. So far we have produced 11 manuscripts from this project, of which 4 are published, 1 is in press, 4 are in review or revision, and 2 will be submitted for review in January 2014. We are organizing data and conducting analysis for 5 additional manuscripts. A second graduate student, Gunnar Kramer (supported on a separate RWO) will produce 2 of those manuscripts as part of his thesis. During 2013, we presented results from this project in 8 presentations; 5 at professional conferences, 2 at public venues, and 1 at a university. We have scheduled 2 additional professional presentations for 2014.
DEMOGRAPHIC RESPONSE OF GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER TO HABITAT MANAGEMNET ACROSS A CLIMATE CHANGE GRADIENT IN THE CORE OF THE SPECIES' RANGE: 2012 SUMMARY REPORT
(2012-12-31) Streby, Henry M; Peterson, Sean M; Andersen, David E
In 2012 we repeated our 2011 efforts with a substantial increase in data collected. This was the second and final full field season investigating population ecology of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera; hereafter GWWA) at Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and Rice Lake NWR in Minnesota and Sandilands Provincial Forest (PF) in Manitoba. We assessed nesting habitat use, nest productivity, fledgling survival, and post-fledging habitat use by GWWA at all three sites. We color banded 107 adult female and 112 adult male GWWA and we attached radio transmitters to 108 adult females. By tracking radio-marked females and by nest searching, we found and monitored 149 nesting attempts including 2 nests found by others conducting research at Tamarac NWR (see acknowledgments). The 66% increase over the 2011 nest sample was partly due to increased effort to radio-mark adult females, but mostly to the return of many experienced nest searchers from 2010 and 2011. We banded 311 nestlings and fledglings and radio-tracked 175 fledglings. We collected data on habitat characteristics and GWWA behavior at >2,400 adult, nest, and fledgling locations. Including renesting, we estimated that 58%, 74%, and 79% of females successfully nested and that 53%, 49%, and 48% of fledglings survived to independence from adult care at Tamarac NWR, Rice Lake NWR, and Sandilands PF, respectively. Interestingly, the increases (over 2011) in successfully nesting females at Rice Lake NWR and Sandilands PF were accompanied by considerable decreases in fledged brood size due to many partial-brood nest predation events, and the decrease in successfully nesting females at Tamarac NWR was accompanied by a considerable increase in fledged brood size. Similar to 2011, nest failure and fledgling mortality were due nearly entirely to predation at the Minnesota sites, whereas weather exposure and blowfly infection accounted for a relatively high percentage (23%) of fledgling mortalities at Sandilands PF. Unlike previous years, we tracked at least one (total = 6) nestling or young fledgling at each site to a garter snake (i.e., inside the snake), possibly reflective of the warmer, dryer early spring weather. Consistent with 2011, 30% of radio-marked females nested in older forest stands traditionally not considered GWWA habitat, and fledged family groups moved into and spent much of the post-fledging period in those older forest areas. Early findings from this project have been disseminated in 2 peer reviewed scientific journal articles and 2 more are currently in review. Detailed analyses for manuscripts about transmitter effects, population dynamics, micro- and macro-scale habitat associations, nest-site choice, parental care of fledglings, and interesting natural history observations are all underway.
Migration Chronology Distribution of Eastern Population of Sandhill Cranes (RWO 86 Annual Report, 2013)
(2013) Fronczak, David L; Andersen, David E
The Eastern Population (EP) of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) is rapidly expanding in size and geographic range. The core of their breeding range occurs in Wisconsin, Michigan, and southern Ontario; however, the EP range has expanded in all directions as the population has grown. Little is known about the geographic extent of breeding, migration, and wintering ranges of EP cranes, or migration chronology and use of staging areas. In December of 2009, we began trapping and attaching solar Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite Platform Transmitting Terminals (PTTs) on EP sandhill cranes to assess movements throughout the year. We continued trapping throughout the spring and fall of 2010, the winter of 2010-2011, the fall of 2011 and winter of 2011-2012. To date, we have rocket-net trapped and attached PTTs (n = 33) to cranes in Indiana: Goose Ponds Fish and Wildlife Area (FWA), Greene County and Jasper-Pulaski FWA, Jasper and Pulaski Counties; Minnesota: Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Sherburne County; Tennessee: Hiawassee Wildlife Refuge, Meigs County and Hop-In Wildlife Refuge, Obion County; and Wisconsin: Crex Meadows Wildlife Area, Burnett County. Location data for these birds are currently being received from Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) America Inc., MD, translated by software developed by NorthStar Science and Technology LLC, MD, and viewed using Environment System Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS software. Data are currently being analyzed, with a target of spring 2014 to provide a final project report
The Use of Satellite Telemetry to Evaluate Migration Chronology and Breeding, Migratory, and Wintering Distribution of Eastern Population of Sandhill Cranes (RWO 86 Annual Report, 2012)
(2013-01-09) Fronczak, David L; Andersen, David E
The Eastern Population (EP) of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) is rapidly expanding in size and geographic range. The core of their breeding range occurs in Wisconsin, Michigan, and southern Ontario; however, the EP range has expanded in all directions as the population has grown. Little is known about the geographic extent of breeding, migration, and wintering ranges of EP cranes, or migration chronology and use of staging areas. In December of 2009, we began trapping and attaching solar Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite Platform Transmitting Terminals (PTT) on EP sandhill cranes to assess movements throughout the year. We continued trapping throughout the spring and fall of 2010, the winter of 2010-2011, the fall of 2011 and winter of 2011-2012. To date, we have rocket-net trapped and attached PTTs (n = 30) to cranes in Indiana: Goose Ponds Fish and Wildlife Area (FWA), Greene County and Jasper-Pulaski FWA, Jasper and Pulaski Counties; Minnesota: Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Sherburne County; Tennessee: Hiwassee Wildlife Refuge, Meigs County and Hop-IN Wildlife Refuge, Obion County; and Wisconsin: Crex Meadows Wildlife Area, Burnett County. Location data for these birds are currently being received from Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS) America Inc., Maryland, translated by software developed by NorthStar Science and Technology LLC, Maryland, and viewed using Environment System Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS software
Species Composition, Distribution, and Habitat Associations of Anurans in a Subarctic Tundra Landscape Near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
(2006) Reiter, Matthew E; Boal, Clint W; Andersen, David E
Distribution, abundance, and habitat relationships of anurans that inhabit subarctic regions are poorly understood, and anuran monitoring protocols developed for temperate regions may not be applicable across large roadless areas of northern landscapes. In addition, arctic and subarctic regions of North America are predicted to experience changes in climate and, in some areas, recently have experienced habitat alteration due to high rates of herbivory by breeding and migrating waterfowl. To better understand subarctic anuran abundance, distribution, and habitat associations, we conducted anuran calling surveys in the Cape Churchill region of Wapusk National Park, Manitoba in 2004 and 2005. We conducted surveys along ~1-km transects distributed across 3 landscape types (coastal tundra, interior sedge meadow/ tundra, and boreal forest/ tundra interface) and estimated the probability of detection and density of Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) and Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica). We detected a Wood Frog or Boreal Chorus Frog on 22 (87%) of 26 transects surveyed, and probability of detection varied between years and species and among landscape types. Estimated density of both species increased from the coastal zone inland toward the boreal forest edge. Our results suggest that anurans occur across a wide range of habitats in this subarctic tundra landscape, that there are spatial patterns in anuran abundance, and that considerations for both spatial and temporal variation need to be incorporated into surveys for subarctic anurans.
Historical Trends in Collared Lemming (Dicrostonym Richardsoni) Abundance and Nest Success of Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada Geese (Branta Canadensis Interior) In Northern Manitoba: Evaluating the "Bird-Lemming" Hypothesis
(2006-08) Reiter, Matthew, E.
Regular, multi-annual cycles observed in the population abundance of small mammals in arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems across many regions has stimulated substantial research, particularly among population ecologists. Hypotheses addressing the cause of regular cycles include mechanisms such as predator-prey interactions, limitation of food resources, and migration or dispersal, as well as abiotic factors such as cyclic climatic variation and environmental stochasticity. However, long-term time-series of population data for small mammals in North America are generally lacking. Small rodent abundance is typically quantified by trapping grids and capture-mark-recapture techniques. These methods are time-consuming and provide data only for the time period during which trapping occurred. Alternative approaches may provide useful information regarding population trends, especially in remote areas where logistics make intensive trapping and marking of individual small mammals impractical. In 2004 and 2005, we used indirect methods to estimate trends in population size of collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni), and evaluated the extent of synchrony between lemming populations at 2 coastal tundra study areas separated by ~ 60 km near Cape Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. We collected scars on willow plants (Salix spp.) resulting from lemming feeding. Scarages ranged from 0 to 13 years at both study areas. Scar-age frequency appeared cyclic and we used Poisson regression to model the observed scar-age frequency. Lemming populations cycled with 2.83 year periodicity and the phase of the cycle was synchronous between the 2 study areas. Modeling scar-age frequency data resulted in estimates of relative lemming abundance at broad spatial and temporal scales, and allowed us to evaluate synchrony between study areas.
BROOD MOVEMENTS AND DISTRIBUTION OF EASTERN PRAIRIE POPULATION (EPP) CANADA GEESE (BRANTA CANADENSIS INTERIOR) IN NORTHERN MANITOBA: POTENTIAL INFLUENCE OF INCREASED SNOW GOOSE (CHEN CAERULESCENS CAERULESCENS) ABUNDANCE
(2003-07) Nack, Robert, R.
In 2001 and 2002, we conducted aerial surveys to compare indices of Eastern Prairie Population (EPP) Canada goose (Branta canadensis interior) brood distribution and abundance near Cape Churchill, Manitoba with those obtained in 1977 and 1978. Since the late 1970s, many of the coastal salt marsh areas used for brood-rearing have been degraded as a result of increased foraging pressure from locally breeding and migrating light geese [snow geese (Chen caerulescens) and Ross’s geese (C. rossii)] and the density of nesting Canada geese has declined. The mean Canada goose brood density across the entire survey area in 2001-2002 was not different from 1977-1978 (difference between means ± 95% CI; 0.20 broods/km2 ± 0.36); however, the mean brood density in the southern portion of the survey area was significantly higher in 2001-2002 than in 1977-1978 (0.45 ± 0.39). In 2002, the mean snow goose brood density was higher than the mean Canada goose brood density (27.31 ± 10.92), with higher densities of snow geese in northern coastal flats/beach ridge areas and higher densities of Canada geese in southern coastal flats/beach ridge areas. The mean number of Canada goose broods observed on 15 traditional brood-rearing areas decreased since 1977 (-8.67 ± 6.19) and the mean number of snow goose broods observed increased (43.91 ± 38.22). Canada goose broods appear to have shifted use of brood-rearing areas in response to reduced food availability, direct interactions with snow geese on brood-rearing areas, or both. Loss and degradation of brood-rearing habitat may be a factor in declines in nest density of Canada geese and has implications for EPP management.
Effect of Temperature on Habitat Use by Moose in Voyageurs National Park in the Summer (RWO 94 Final Report, 2015)
(2015) Moen, Ronald; Joyce, Michael; Windels, Steve, K.
Fall movements patterns of adult female American woodcock (Scolopax minor) in the western Great Lakes region
(2004-12) Doherty, Kevin, E.
In 2002 and 2003, I collected movement and habitat data for 58 adult female woodcock during fall across 3 pairs of study sites in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Distances between subsequent daily locations were highly variable (C.V. = 2.188), and the majority (90.9%) of distances between subsequent daily locations of woodcock were <400 m, with 47.7% of distances <50 m. Habitat variables related to food, weather, and predator avoidance were used in general mixed linear models using Information-theoretic methods to assess the importance of these variables as predictors of distance between subsequent daily locations of individual woodcock. Models incorporating all movements explained 71.56% of the process variation among individual birds. Woodcock were more likely to make large movements (>500 m) and forage in new areas when environmental conditions were not favorable, such as in the case of low earthworm abundance (biomass). Large movements into new foraging areas were correlated with the interaction between soil porosity and rainfall, presumably because earthworm availability increased following precipitation. Woodcock were also more likely to make longer movements in warmer temperatures with >2/3 of movements >500 m occurring when the daily low temperature was above the median low temperature of 2.4º C. My results suggest that the primary determinants of woodcock movements during fall (prior to migration) were low local food availability and the potential for increased food availability elsewhere. Longer movements were influenced by weather conditions, and there was little evidence that predator avoidance influenced movements between subsequent days. Adult female woodcock appear to incorporate prior knowledge of previously used areas into the decision of foraging location on a particular day, and generally return to the previous day’s foraging area unless conditions become more favorable elsewhere.
FALL MIGRATION CHRONOLOGY AND HABITAT USE OF THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK IN THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES REGION
(2005) Meunier, Jed
Hunting in Minnesota: A Study of Hunter Participation and Activities
(2004) Schroeder, Sue; Fulton, David, C.
The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) in the Western Great Lakes Region: A Technical Conservation Assessment
(2003-02) Roberson, Aimee M; Andersen, David E; Kennedy, Patricia L