Urban Forestry
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Item Research Summary on a Long-Term Planting Depth Study(2007-09-05) Hanson, DaveThe focus of this study is to determine how quickly stem encircling (SERs) or stem girdling roots (SGRs) occur, and to determine what (if any) relationships exist between planting depth and suckering, SERs, SGRs, or growth rates. While there are some interesting trends, few solid conclusions can be drawn from the data collected thus far.Item Buried Root Systems: Their association with stem encircling and girdling roots, and relationship with tree condition(2004-09-05) Hanson, DaveThis study examines buried root systems among street trees surveyed in three Minnesotan cities. Buried root systems can cause tree roots to encircle, girdle a tree stem, cutting off vital nutrients to the tree canopy and causing the tree to decline, die. Results of this study will help arborists and urban foresters better understand the association between the depth of soil over a tree’s first lateral root and frequency of these encircling, girdling root systems.Item Research Summary on Pot-In-Pot Production and Planting Depth(2006-04-03) Hanson, DaveThis focus of this research study investigates the nursery practice of placing trees deeply in containers to prevent wind-throw and excessive lean. After four months of observation, tree lean, caliper and root volume were analyzed, and results showed no association between planting depth and occurrence of windthrow. A lower proportion of trees required staking when planted at greater depth of soil. Species-specific associations between planting depth and root volume and caliper were observed, and these findings can help inform standard nursery practices.Item Stem Girdling Roots: The Underground Epidemic Killing our Trees(2021) Johnson, Gary; Fallon, DennisIn partnership with Xcel Energy and the USFS, the University of Minnesota Urban Forestry Outreach and Research lab produced this report which details the importance of diagnosing, preventing and correcting stem girdling roots. Stem girdling roots (SGRs) are dysfunctional root systems that grow against a tree's stem, compressing the sapwood and preventing vital nutrients from being delivered to and from the roots. This report details the negative consequences of SGRs for the health of the tree, safety of the community, as well as the economic and emotional losses of tree fatalities resulting from this preventable condition.Item A Guide to the Construction and Management of Community Gravel Beds(2021) Johnson, GaryThis thorough guide walks the reader through the planning, construction, implementation and management of gravel bed systems for bare root tree transplanting. Highlights include: relevant terminology for the use of gravel bed systems, decision making for the placement, cost, and building of gravel beds, a comprehensive account of species performance within the system, how to order appropriate tree stock, the installation and transplantation of bare root trees, and a guide for trouble shooting gravel bed maintenance issues.Item Elms for the Twin Cities: A Selection Guide for Arborists and Urban Foresters(2014-03) Giblin, Chad; Gillman, JeffreyThis guide provides information on eighteen varieties of elms suitable for the Twin Cities metropolitan area. Key descriptions of species form, habit, maintenance needs, hardiness and disease susceptibility assists arborists and urban foresters in the selection of appropriate Ulmus. The history of the elm, Dutch Elm Disease, and the importance of including resistant elms for resilient urban canopy are also included.Item Walking in the Footsteps of Giants: Selecting, Cloning, and Screening Minnesota-Native Elms for Dutch Elm Disease Resistance(2008-12-17) Giblin, ChadSince 2004, the UMN Urban Forestry Outreach Research (UFOR) Lab has performed research on thirty-two Minnesota-native elms for possible DED-resistance and identified seven new American and rock elm selections from the West Metro and eighteen new rock and red elm selections from Kandiyohi County for cloning, production, and inoculation research. Modified cloning and production practices enhance clonal root production and reduce transplant stress and failure. Additionally, UFOR researchers increased production of grafted trees to test rootstock-scion compatibility and implemented a replicated pruning study of juvenile clones to improve tree form and structure for long-term health and success. In 2009, these trees will be included in our field evaluations of inoculated clones to monitor their recovery. Future research on these specimens will include expanded cloning research, budding and grafting work, along with replicated inoculations of larger field stock in 2009.Item The Road to a Thoughtful Street Tree Master Plan: A practical guide to systemic planning and design(2008-08) Simons, Ken; Johnson, GaryMany if not most urban forestry successes and failures begin at the planning stage. The intent of this design manual is to replace as many of the subjective decisions made during street tree design and plant selection with objective criteria. The manual will assist communities and planners to not only select the best trees for their available planting sites, but to use specific principles of street tree design to most effectively create public green spaces, positively affect traffic patterns, and create healthy living spaces. The format of the design manual is one of prompting questions. This will not only help the user select the best plants for the area, but will pose sufficient questions to better ensure that issues of spacing, relative placement to travel corridors, and a wide variety of design elements will be satisfied. The tree species selection philosophy includes not only whether the tree is hardy enough but whether it can achieve the design function for the area. In theory, a well-placed tree in a well-designed landscape will require less maintenance and yield more rewards for the community.Item The St. Croix American Elm(2005-10) Stennes, Mark; Giblin, ChadThis 2005 Newsletter update details research performed by University of Minnesota Urban Forestry Research Staff cloning and field-testing the St. Croix American Elm. Included the history of the species in relation to Dutch Elm Disease in Minnesota's St. Croix River Valley, and the usefulness of research aiming to test its disease resistance.Item Report to the 1999 Minnesota Legislature(1999) Minnesota Shade Tree Advisory CommitteeItem All you need to know about community gravel beds(2013) Busiahn, Jacob; Peterson, SeanA gravel bed is an irrigated bed or pile of gravel to place and safely hold bare root or washed containerized stock for (a.k.a. “heeling in”) up to 3-6 months. A Community Gravel Bed is a system that has been in use at commercial nurseries, municipalities, and universities for over 20 years. Building one for your community can provide many advantages over planting traditional bare root, balled and burlapped, and containerized stock.