Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy: Plan A and Plan B Papers

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Browsing Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy: Plan A and Plan B Papers by Type "Other"

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    Bioenergy Incentive Options for Minnesota Farmers: A Policy Perspective
    (Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, 2008-09-11) Gangeness, Bjorn
    Programs that support farmers interested in growing perennial bioenergy crops do not currently exist in Minnesota. Perennial bioenergy production faces many hurdles technologically and market‐wise but the current social climate seems to be leading toward more concerted development in the direction of renewable energy. Cost‐sharing and Annual Rental Payment programs exist in various forms supporting other environmental objectives and they are used in this paper to project their applicability to bioenergy development specifically. Carbon markets are also discussed as a potential source of support. After considering the analysis, it seems that a functional market for selling energy crops must exist before any real change can occur, but an establishment cost‐share program would go the furthest in helping farmers get started in farming these types of crops. Getting an early start in helping farmers adopt these practices may position Minnesota in a favorable position in an impending carbon‐constrained economy.
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    Minimizing Methylmercury Exposure in the Hmong Community from Sport-Caught Fish Consumption in Minnesota
    (Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, 2008-06) Endreson, Daniel
    Due to increasing levels of mercury emissions throughout the world, there is an increased threat to the human population from methylmercury, a biomethylated derivative of mercury. Methylmercury is a dangerous neurotoxin that can have adverse effects on the central nervous system and behavioral centers of the brain. Humans can become exposed to methylmercury through consumption of contaminated fish from polluted waters. Many states, including Minnesota, use fish consumption advisories to warn the public of methylmercury exposure, but these advisories may not always reach at-risk segments of the population. The Hmong community in the Twin Cities consumes a high quantity of sport-caught fish for a variety of reasons, including a desire to maintain cultural identity, recreation, or economic necessity, even though fish consumption advisories warn against such actions. Four alternatives were considered to provide better protection to the Hmong community from methylmercury exposure – (1) continue the use of fish consumption advisories as developed by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), (2) alter the current program by reallocating advisory education efforts from state agencies to local governmental units and organizations, (3) impose a ban on the consumption of all fish from methylmercury-impaired waters in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, and (4) establish more Asian-specific food shelves in the Twin Cities area to provide food alternatives to sport-caught fish. Each of these alternatives were evaluated using six criteria – safety effectiveness, program awareness, social and cultural acceptability, administrative operability, program cost, and health benefit. This report concludes that efforts taken by the MDH in educating Hmong anglers have the promise of being effective in reducing methylmercury exposure from fish consumption. However, based on theories of risk perception and communication, more needs to be done at both the state and local level to effectively target this specific subpopulation in Minnesota.