Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior
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Item Some mineral relations of plants and soils(University of London, 1951) Gorham, E.The following papers record an investigation of some relations between vegetation and the soil in three major types of habitat - (1) Lake District woodland on non-calcareous glacial drift, (2) aquatic and waterlogged sites in the same region, and (3) an upland granitic area in Scotland. An attempt has been made to relate certain properties of the soil exchange complex to processes of soil development, and to vegetational differentiation and nutrient status. The major conclusions drawn may be summarized as follows: (1) In the woodlands studied, topography appears to be the main factor in determining whether a flushed brown earth with a mull humus layer and an ash-sycamore-oak-hazel tree community will develop, or a leached podzolic brown earth with a more humus layer and oak, birch and rowan as the characteristic trees. (2) In passing; from relatively inorganic underwater soils - through marsh, fen and lacustrine bog, soils - to highly organic raised bog peats; both the amount and strength of soil acids increase, C/N ratio rises, and base saturation falls. This is reflected in the nutrient status of the plants; those from underwater habitats being highest in minerals and nitrogen, and those from raised bogs being loci in both these constituents. (3) It appears that the first addition of organic matter to the Scottish granitic soils brings about a sharp increase in acidity and a marked fall in base saturation. The presence of comparatively strong acids in the humus produced by the colonizing plants is suggested as a possible advantage, in view of the difficulty of obtaining mineral nutrients from the c smite substratum. A study has also been made of some elements and chemical properties figuring in the exchange complex of a peat profile (Journal of Ecology, 1949). Some of the variations may well be related to those in the vegetational composition of the peats, for a sequence of plant communities of very different character has occupied the site as distance from the mineral soil has increased. Conjointly with A. M. Mayer an investigation of iron and manganese in natural vegetation of the Lake District has been carried out (Annals of Botany, 1951). The content of both elements is higher in natural vegetation than is usual in crop plants, probably because of the greater acidity and organic content of the natural soils. The amounts absorbed are shown to vary with the species, the plant group, and the habitat.Item The iron and manganese content of plants present in the natural vegetation of the English Lake District(1951) Mayer, A.M.; Gorham, E.Item Some effects of temperature on the embryonic development of the salmon (Salmo salar)(1953) Hayes, F.R.; Pelluet, D.; Gorham, E.Item Interglacial pollen spectra from Greenland(1954) Bryan, Margaret S.The pollen and spore contents of calcareous concretions from two sites in western Greenland have been investigated. The pollen spectra obtained are discussed in relation to postglacial and modern plant distribution. The conclusion is reached that they represent a flora of interglacial age.Item Iron, manganese; ash and nitrogen in some plants from salt marsh and shingle habitats(1955) Gorham, A.V..; Gorham, E.Item On the acidity and salinity of rain(1955) Gorham, E.Item Vegetation and the alignment of environmental forces(1955) Gorham, E.Item Item Titus Smith, a pioneer of plant ecology in North America(1955) Gorham, E.Item Total mineral material, acidity, sulphur and nitrogen in rain and snow at Kentville, Nova Scotia(1957) Herman, F.A.; Gorham, E.Item The chemical composition of lake waters in Halifax County, Nova Scotia(American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 1957) Gorham, E.Some chemical properties of natural waters in the Cairn Gorm-Strath Spey area have been investigated. differences of ionic concentrations in twenty-four waters analyzed for pH, Na, K, Ca, Mg, IICQ, Cl, Sod, NOS, PO4 and SiOz are interpreted in terms of variation in geology, topography, local climate and vegetation.Item The ionic composition of some lowland lake waters from Cheshire, England(American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 1957) Gorham, E.Analyses are presented for the major dissolved constituents in waters from nine Cheshire meres. Calcium and bicarbonate ions predominate, but there are also large proportions of magnesium, sodium, sulphate, and chloride in these rather concentrated waters. The two lakes lacking inflow and outflow streams are chemically aberrant, and it appears that their ionic composition is greatly influenced by that of rain. The chemistry of the normal mere waters reflects the arid conditions in which the underlying Keuper marls were deposited.Item The chemical composition of rain from Rosscahill in County Galway(1957) Gorham, E.Item The chemical composition of some natural waters in the Cairn Gorm-Strath Spey district of Scotland(American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 1957) Gorham, E.Some chemical properties of natural waters in the Cairn Gorm-Strath Spey area have been investigated. differences of ionic concentrations in twenty-four waters analyzed for pH, Na, K, Ca, Mg, IICQ, Cl, Sod, NOS, PO4 and SiOz are interpreted in terms of variation in geology, topography, local climate and vegetation.Item The development of peat lands(1957) Gorham, E.Item The chemical composition of some western Irish fresh waters(1957) Gorham, E.Item Three pollen diagrams from central Massachusetts(1958) Davis, Margaret B.