A Case Control Study of Speed and Crash Risk, Technical Report 2: Bayesian Reconstruction of Traffic Accidents and the Causal Effect of Speed in Intersection and Pedestrian Accidents
2006-04-01
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A Case Control Study of Speed and Crash Risk, Technical Report 2: Bayesian Reconstruction of Traffic Accidents and the Causal Effect of Speed in Intersection and Pedestrian Accidents
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2006-04-01
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Traffic accident reconstruction has been defined as the effort to determine, from whatever evidence is available, how an accident happened. Traffic accident reconstruction can be treated as a problem in uncertain reasoning about a particular event, and developments in modeling uncertain reasoning for artificial intelligence can be applied to this problem. Physical principles can usually be used to develop a structural model of the accident and this model, together with an expert assessment of prior uncertainty regarding the accident's initial conditions, can be represented as a Bayesian network. Posterior probabilities for the accident's initial conditions, given evidence collected at the accident scene, can then be computed by updating the Bayesian network. Using a possible worlds semantics, truth conditions for counterfactual claims about the accident can be defined and used to rigorously implement a 'but for' test of whether or not a speed limit violation could be considered a cause of an accident. The logic of this approach is illustrated for a simplified version of a vehicle/pedestrian accident, and then the approach is applied to determine the causal effect of speeding in 10 actual accidents.
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Davis, Gary A.. (2006). A Case Control Study of Speed and Crash Risk, Technical Report 2: Bayesian Reconstruction of Traffic Accidents and the Causal Effect of Speed in Intersection and Pedestrian Accidents. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/534.
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