Comparison of three techniques to assess group-level beta and gamma change

Abstract

Alpha, beta, and gamma change concerning student attitudes toward a college course were assessed before and after the first examination in that course for an experimental and control group. Three methodologies were used to assess change. Those proposed by Terborg, Howard, and Maxwell (1980) and Schmitt (1982) produced reasonably similar conclusions concerning change, while the methodology suggested by Zmud and Armenakis (1978) produced relatively different conclusions. The relative advantages and limitations of the procedures are discussed. The major conclusion is that much additional use and comparison of these methodologies for assessing change is necessary before researchers or practitioners can interpret the practical significance of beta and gamma change or the relative utility of various approaches to the measurement of beta and gamma change.