Inhibition of the Kinases by extracts of Macaranga genus

Abstract

There have been findings regarding the presence of the Kinase enzyme in cell transformation, tumor initiation, survival, and proliferation of cancer. Several scientists worldwide were able to discover the plants or medicine that inhibited the action of different enzymes in the body. The FDA has approved 37 kinase inhibitors since 1980 (Wu, Nielsen, and Clausen, 2015; Bhullar et al., 2018). The role of the Kinase enzyme has been essential in the metastasis of cancerous cells. A typical cell in the human body requires glucose consumption to gain enough energy to function, while the cancerous cells can function without the use of energy from glucose. The cancerous cell has a unique characteristic that makes them resistant to glucose starvation, and thus it gives them the ability to divide and spread without energy. Studies suggest that the resistance to glucose starvation is due to activation of the pathway involving PKA, and there is a critical need to identify inhibitors of this activation (Palorini et al., 2016). This research aims to explore the ability of M. occidentalis, M. monanadra, and M. schweinfurthii to inhibit protein kinases B and C.