Internal invalidity in pretest-posttest self-report evaluations and a re-evaluation of retrospective pretests.

Howard, George S.
Ralph, Kenneth M.
Gulanick, Nancy A.
Maxwell, Scott E.
Nance, Don W.
Gerber, Sterling K.
1979
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Internal invalidity in pretest-posttest self-report evaluations and a re-evaluation of retrospective pretests.

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1979

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True experimental designs (Designs 4, 5, and 6 of Campbell & Stanley, 1963) are thought to provide internally valid results. This paper describes five studies involving the evaluation of various treatment interventions and identifies a source of internal invalidity when self-report measures are used in a Pretest-Posttest manner. An alternative approach (Retrospective Pretest-Posttest design) to measuring change is suggested, and data comparing its accuracy with the traditional Pretest-Posttest design in measuring treatment effects is presented. Finally, the implications of these findings for evaluation research using self-report instruments and the strengths and limitations of retrospective measures are discussed.

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Applied Psychological Measurement, Volume 03, 1979

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Howard, George S & et al. (1979). Internal invalidity in pretest-posttest self-report evaluations and a re-evaluation of retrospective pretests. Applied Psychological Measurement, 3, 1-23. doi:10.1177/014662167900300101

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Howard, George S.; Ralph, Kenneth M.; Gulanick, Nancy A.; Maxwell, Scott E.; Nance, Don W.; Gerber, Sterling K.. (1979). Internal invalidity in pretest-posttest self-report evaluations and a re-evaluation of retrospective pretests.. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/99490.

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