Evaluation of soybean cyst nematode development on the winter oilseeds pennycress and camelina
2022-05
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Evaluation of soybean cyst nematode development on the winter oilseeds pennycress and camelina
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2022-05
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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most damaging pathogen in soybean Glycine max (L.) production within the Midwest region of the US. SCN causes $1.24-1.69 billion USD in yield loss annually in this region. Management practices such as using resistant cultivars, rotation with non-host crops, and seed treatments can effectively control SCN population density. Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] are being developed as winter oilseed crops that can be implemented in corn-soybean cropping rotations to serve the function of cover crops. Pennycress and camelina can increase yields of Midwest cropping rotations and provide the ecosystem services of cover crops. Pennycress has been reported as an alternative host to SCN. Camelina is classified as a poor or non-host and has been implicated as a potential trap crop as it has been shown to reduce SCN population density in naturally-infested soil. These experiments aimed to i.) examine the impacts of pennycress and camelina crops on SCN population under field conditions, ii.) examine hatch, infection, and development of SCN in pennycress and camelina, and iii.) and screen for SCN resistance in pennycress accessions. Experiments were completed in the field, microplot, and controlled-environment settings. The multi-location field experiment did not detect an effect of including pennycress or camelina on SCN population density in an oilseed-corn-soybean rotation. New females were observed in the spring and early summer on pennycress root samples in microplots, but females were not observed in the autumn. When the SCN life cycle was examined, egg hatch was affected by pennycress root exudates but not by camelina root exudates. Both winter-annual oilseeds had evidence of juvenile penetration into the roots, and the number of juveniles observed infecting roots was not different between the pennycress and camelina treatments. However, after 35 days of continued development, pennycress produced more adult females than camelina. Camelina samples had near-zero averages of adult female recovery. Eggs produced on pennycress roots were collected and reinoculated, and new females were recovered from pennycress and soybean roots following the reinoculation. This result demonstrates that SCN can complete a life cycle and reproduce on pennycress roots. The SCN screening of pennycress accessions did not reveal any accessions exhibiting a major resistance phenotype. However, some accessions were classified as moderately resistant when compared to the susceptible soybean ‘Williams 82.’ The susceptible soybean variety ‘Williams 82’ was used for comparison because it is used as the standard check for soybean resistance screening and classification. Overall, new female development can occur on pennycress in a controlled environment setting, but field experiments failed to show a detectable effect of pennycress on SCN population density.
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University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2022. Major: Applied Plant Sciences. Advisors: Donald Wyse, Senyu Chen. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 129 pages.
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