JTLU Volume 1, No. 1 (2008)
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Table of Contents:
Introducing the Journal of Transport and Land Use, pp. 1-4
Point: Sprawl and Accessibility, pp. 5-11
Counterpoint: Accessibility and Sprawl, pp. 13-19
Cities as Organisms: Allometric Scaling of Urban Road Networks, pp. 21-39
A Use-Based Measure of Accessibility to Linear Features to Predict Urban Trail Use, pp. 41-63
Integral Cost-Benefit Analysis of Maglev Rail Projects Under Market Imperfections, pp. 65-87
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Item Integral Cost-Benefit Analysis of Maglev Rail Projects Under Market Imperfections(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Elhorst, J. Paul; Oosterhaven, JanThis article evaluates a new mode of high speed ground transportation, the magnetic levitation rail system (Maglev). The outcomes of this evaluation provide policy information on the interregional redistribution of employment and population and the national welfare improvement of two Dutch urban-conglomeration and two Dutch core-periphery projects. This article also compares the results of an integral cost- benefit analysis with those of a conventional cost-benefit analysis and concludes that the additional economic benefits due to market imperfections vary from –1% to +38% of the direct transport benefits, depending on the type of regions connected and the general condition of the economy. Finally, the article concludes that none of the Maglev projects should be considered socially desirable.Item A Use-Based Measure of Accessibility to Linear Features to Predict Urban Trail Use(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Ottensmann, John R.; Lindsey, GregThe standard Hansen measure of accessibility is extended to provide a use-based measure of accessibility reflecting the elasticity of use with respect to the level of provision of facilities. This is further extended to provide a measure of accessibility to linear features, such as trails (as opposed to features at point locations such as parks and libraries). Results from a survey on the use of urban trails in Indianapolis, Indiana are used to test the ability of this accessibility measure to predict trail use. The use-based measure of accessibility to linear features provides better predictions of use and more consistent estimates of the effects of distance and level of facility provision on trail use.Item Cities as Organisms: Allometric Scaling of Urban Road Networks(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Samaniego, Horacio; Moses, Melanie E.Just as the cardiovascular network distributes energy and materials to cells in an organism, urban road networks distribute energy, materials and people to locations in cities. Understanding the topology of urban networks that connect people and places leads to insights into how cities are organized. This paper proposes a statistical approach to determine features of urban road networks that affect accessibility. Statistics of road networks and traffic patterns across 425 U.S. cities show that urban road networks are much less centralized than biological vascular networks. As a result, per capita road capacity is independent of the spatial extent of cities. In contrast, driving distances depend on the size of the city, although not as much as is predicted by a completely centralized model. This intermediate pattern between centralized and decentralized extremes may reflect a mixture of different travel behaviors. The approach presented here offers a novel macroscopic perspective on the differences between small and large cities and on how road infrastructure and traffic might change as cities grow.Item Counterpoint: Accessibility and Sprawl(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Crane, RandallThis essay provides a counterpoint to Robert Bruegmann's perspective on accessibility and sprawl in this journal volume. Bruegmann's recent work on the history of urban form situates contemporary discussions of sprawl in a well-researched historical context; however, this essay takes a different perspective on several key points in Bruegmann's analysis, particularly in relation to cost-benefit analysis for transportation-disadvantaged populations.Item Point: Sprawl and Accessibility(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Bruegmann, RobertThis essay argues that many of the assumptions that have been made about sprawl are misleading or just wrong. Nowhere has this been more the case than in debates about transportation and access. Because of this, it is not surprising that a good many of the policies advocated by proponents of Smart Growth would almost certainly lead to reduced mobility and impaired accessibility for a large part of the population. At very least, the debates over sprawl have pitted private vs. public transportation in a way that has contributed to serious underfunding of transportation infrastructure of all kinds.Item Introducing the Journal of Transport and Land Use(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2008) Levinson, David M.; Krizek, Kevin J.; Dijst, Martin J.; Lo, Hong K.; Guo, Jessica Y.This article introduces the Journal of Transport and Land Use and its inaugural issue.