Browsing by Subject "water resources"

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Bulletin No. 22. The Geology and Water Resources of Northwestern Minnesota
(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1932) Allison, Ira S.
This bulletin presents the results of an investigation of the geology and water supply of northwestern Minnesota. The area treated, as shown in Figure 1, page 2, comprises parts or all of twenty-six counties, for the most part west and north of St. Cloud; it includes about 28,725 square miles, or approximately one-third of the state. Field work was begun in 1924 and continued through three successive field seasons. The writer was assisted in the field during the entire season of 1924 by Mr. W. A. P. Graham, and for several weeks each by Messrs. G. A. Thiel and Francis Pettijohn. Subsequent field work was conducted by the writer alone. The field study consisted of inspection of wells, examination of materials from wells, collection of samples of water for analysis in the laboratory, interrogating well drillers, and gathering well logs and information regarding subsurface conditions. Samples of water for analysis were forwarded in glass-stoppered bottles of two-liter capacity to the laboratory at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, where the analyses were made immediately. All the analyses were made under uniform con- ditions by Dr. R. J. Leonard, of whose work the author wishes to express his appreciation.
Computer Programs in Water Resources
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1977-11) Chu, Chung Sang; Bowers, C. Edward
Eighth Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1972-08) Water Resources Research Center
The fiscal year 1972 budget of the Center was $449,704. The Center supported 20 research projects involving 21 faculty members. These research projects were concerned with: water resources administration, zooplankton biomass in Lake Superior, mathematical watershed system analysis, aquatic plants, eutrophic lakes, groundwater basin information, mist irrigation, watershed runoff, soil water movement, near-shore periphyton, environmental movement, Mississippi river ecology, perception of water resources problems, financing of water resources development, water pollution social factors, water resources attitudes, forest management, water resources policies, subsurface irrigation, and flood forecasting. About 67 student received employment through the Center's program. During fiscal year 1972, there were 25 reports generated through research projects.
Eleventh Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1975-07) Water Resources Research Center
The fiscal year budget of the Center was $378,584. The Center supported 12 research projects involving 9 faculty members. These research projects were concerned with: developing a water resources research plan for Minnesota; developing indices for establishing water supply quality status and trends in Minnesota; analyses of organic carbon as a pollution index in Minnesota; spatial and temporal variation of precipitation in Minnesota; forecasting rainfall and snowmelt floods; determining the geochemical and biostratigraphic record of natural and pollution eutrophication of Minnesota lakes; bio-manipulation of Minnesota lakes for elimination of blue-green algae; determining the thermal pollution and second trophic level fauna in Lake Superior; social trends of water quality status and trends in Minnesota by remote sensing techniques; and hydronomic analysis of forest management alternatives for environmental quality. About 37 students received employment through the Center's program. During fiscal year 1975, there were 26 reports generated through research projects.
Fifteenth Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1979-10) Blake, George R.; Espointour, Elizabeth
During fiscal year 1979 the Water Resources Research Center sponsored 12 research projects emphasizing quality of both surface and ground waters,public health aspects of groundwater pollution, irrigation, drainage, a trophic classification of lakes and social factors in resource development decisions. Twenty-four project-related reports were published by the Water Resources Research Center in 1979-80, including six bulletins. Each of two of the bulletins were sent to about 300 people. The other four were distributed by the Principal Investigator to about 250 people. In addition the Center answered about 500 requests for bulletins published in past years. The budget for the Water Resources Research Center was $320,922 derived from the University of Minnesota, the University of Minnesota Graduate School and the Office of Water Research and Technology of the U.S. Department of Interior. About 33 students were employed on water-related projects funded by the Center.
Interest Groups with Water and Related Land Resources Programs in Minnesota, 1971
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1972-02) Hills, David L.; Walton, William C.
In 1971, there were at least 49 Interest groups in Minnesota with major Water and related land resources programs, 4 Leagues and Associations with minor water and related land resources programs, at least 80 organizations that tend to have a continuing interest in water and related land resources issues, and at least 150 National organizations concerned with water and related land resources programs which have or could have members in the State. The Minnesota Senate 1971 registration files for lobbyists listed 1lO lobbyists in the field of water and related land resources; the House files listed 138 lobbyists. Personnel of State agencies were among these lobbyists. Of the 53 Interest groups (49 Interests groups and 4 Leagues and Associations mentioned above), 40 were conservation-preservation oriented, 8 had the word environmental in their name, and 5 were development and management oriented. Taking into consideration multiple memberships, it is estimated that approximately 25,000 citizens in Minnesota were members of the 53 Interest groups in 1971. Membership in individual Interest groups ranged from 13 to 12,000. Expenditures in 1971 for water and related land resources programs of the 53 Interest groups probably totaled in excess of $250,000. Annual expenditures by individual Interest groups ranged from $100 to in excess of $35,000. These figures do not include the thousands of hours of volunteer time by members. The sources of income were dues, contributions, donations and grants. The affairs of 45 of the 53 Interest groups were under the direction of Officers; 8 Interest groups had Boards; and 14 Interest groups had staffs. It is estimated that the number of water and related land resources Interest groups increased from about 16 in 1950 to 25 in 1960 to 33 in 1965 to 53 in 1971. Some of the Interest groups with large numbers of members and expenditures in 1971 were: Minnesota Environmental Control Citizens Association, Minnesota Public Interest Research Group, Minnesota Conservation Federation, Minnesota Association of Commerce and Industry, and Sierra Club.
International, Regional, Federal-State, Interstate and Federal Organizations with Water and Related Land Resources Programs in Minnesota, 1971
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1971-09) Walton, William C.; Hills, David L.
This Bulletin is concerned with the inventory of international, regional, interstate, Federal-State, and Federal organizations with activities pertaining to the water and related land resources of Minnesota as of May 1971. There are 5 International, 5 regional, 3 interstate, and 4 Federal-State organizations with programs in the State. Federal responsibilities in water and related land resources planning, development and management in Minnesota are divided among 30 units in 8 executive departments and agencies; 6 independent agencies; 6 units in the executive office of the president; 9 other boards, committees, councils and commissions; and 1 quasi official agency. 1n fiscal Year 1970, Federal Outlays for water and related land resources activities in the State totaled about $75 million or 2.3 percent of total Federal outlays in Minnesota of about $3.3 billion. There were about 1,300 Federal employees residing in Minnesota in fiscal year 1970 with assignments pertaining to water and related land resources.
Mobilization and Participation of Citizens Groups in Improving the Quality of Water Resources Environments
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1973-04) Gerlach, Luther P.
The ecology movement has the same general characteristics of segmentary, polycentric, reticulate organization as such other movements as the Black Power Movement and the Pentecostal Movement. The diverse groups concerned with environmental issues can be arranged on a continuum from established and routinized to new and radical. These groups proliferated rapidly from about 1969-1972. The ecology movement functions as a whole because of the way its different segments interweave in a network. There is considerable overlap between ecology groups and various "counter-culture" segments. Recruitment to ecology groups in characteristically through face-to-face contact instead of via large scale advertising. Commitment to the ecology movement was not accomplished as dramatically as with Black Power or Pentecostalism. The opposition to the ecology movement was real and often powerful but environmentalists often perceived it to be more sinister and powerful than was the case. Common ideology concepts of the ecology movement are: doomsday them, share guilt for environmental degradation, finite resources leading to a zero sum game, closed system and spaceship earth, need for recycling, need to control or limit growth, ecosystem and interdependence, need for significant change, and system change means lifestyle change.
Ninth Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1973-08) Water Resources Research Center
The fiscal year 1973 budget of the Center was 413,724. The center supported 18 research projects involving 19 faculty members. These research projects were concerned with: mathematical watershed system analysis, aquatic plants, eutrophic lakes, groundwater basin information, water resources research planning, soil water movement, Mississippi river ecology, perception of water resources problems, financing of water resources development, water pollution and social factors, forest management, water resources policies, sub-surface irrigation, flood forecasting, water policy decisions, precipitation variations, and floods. About 51 students received employment through the Center's program. During fiscal year 1973, there were 32 reports generated through research projects.
Sixteenth Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1980-10) Blake, George R.; Espointour, Elizabeth
During fiscal year 1980 the Water Resources Research Center sponsored ten projects funded through programs of the U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Water Research and Technology and two funded through grants from the Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission. These research projects dealt with the following topics: 1) Water conservation through reuse of agricultural drainage waters and through prediction of irrigation scheduling by use of climatic data; 2) Wetlands as related to county drainage ditches and to agricultural runoff;3) Water quality for towns in rural areas, methods for measuring aquatic organics, removal of heavy metals by zeolites, and propagation of hydrocarbon spills to shallow aquifers;4) Groundwater recharge rates as related to rainfall, predicting recharge rates in surficial aquifers; 5) Economics of water use for irrigation; 6) Flood prevention through hydrologic simulation of critical watersheds; and 7) Septage disposal on land by defining loading rates. Research sponsored by the Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission consisted of a Summary Resource Description of the Upper Mississippi River System and an Evaluation of the Impacts of Navigation and Associated Operation and Maintenance Procedures on Recreation, Cultural Resources and Potential Wilderness Areas of the River System. Two project-related bulletins were published by the Water Resources Research Center in 1979-1980. Bulletins are sent to a mailing list of about 300 people initially. The Center answers around 500 requests each year for copies of bulletins published both this year and past years. The Center also publishes and distributes four Newsletters each year. Through Water Research Centers projects, two professors, three research associates and about 28 students, mostly graduate students, were given part-time employment. A seminar series was sponsored on the University’s Twin City Campus. The Center’s budget was $395,736 derived from the University of Minnesota, the University Graduate School, the Office of Water Research and Technology of the U.S. Department of Interior and grants from the Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission.
Survey of Attitudes Towards the Mississippi River as a Total Resource in Minnesota
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1972-09) Baron, Norman J.; Cecil, E. James; Ludwig, James P.; Tideman, Philip L.
A survey of the attitudes of Minnesotans toward the use, maintenance and development of the Mississippi River in Minnesota was conducted. Background information on the diverse physical nature of the project Universe (those 23 Minnesota counties which the River flows through or is adjacent to) was collected covering the topics of waterflow, soils, population change, changing riparian land use, and recreational opportunities. Great physical and cultural diversity was found in the project Universe. Attitudes of residents were measured by a 40 item mail questionnaire sent to 5,000 residents of the project Universe; 101 in-depth interviews were also conducted. Respondents provided data on their characteristics, evaluated the desirable and undesirable characteristics of the River, evaluated the role of media in providing them with environmental information, expressed attitudes toward the use of the River, how River pollution should be controlled and financed, and provided data on what aspects of their life styles they were and were not willing to change to improve environmental quality. Secondary students were also surveyed in a separate effort to quantify significant difference of attitudes held by youth and adults. Two significant findings were that Minnesotans do not desire to curtail their uses of energy to improve environmental quality, and the perceived present uses of the River are exactly opposite to the uses the public desires.
Tenth Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1974-07) Water Resources Research Center
The fiscal year budget of the Center was $441,680. The Center supported 16 research projects involving 15 faculty members. These research projects were concerned with: monitoring the effects of stopping the flow of sewage on the productivity of Lake Minnetonka; determining whether optimum levels of investigations can be set for such groundwater reservoirs as the Twin Cities Artesian basin; developing a water resources research plan for Minnesota; developing indices for establishing water supply quality status and trends in Minnesota; analyses of organic carbon as a pollution index in Minnesota; spatial variation in the perception of water resources and water problems in South Central Minnesota; estimating thermal pollution and increased nitrate and phosphate levels associated with alternative forest management systems in Minnesota; delineating the more immediate and crucial sets of water and related land resources planning policy alternative being considered by the people of Minnesota; determining the feasibility of utilizing irrigation and groundwater recharge as means for disposal of heated water from power plants in Minnesota; the role of scientist-technician in water policy decisions at the community level; spatial and temporal variation of precipitation in Minnesota; forecasting rainfall and snowmelt floods; determining the geochemical and biostratigraphic record of natural and pollutional eutrophication of Minnesota lakes; bio-manipulation of Minnesota lakes for elimination of blue-green algae; determining the thermal pollution and second trophic level fauna in Lake Superior; and inventorying computer programs and simulation models in water resources. About 49 students received employment through the Center's program. During fiscal year 1974, there were 39 reports generated through research projects.
Twelfth Annual Report Water Resources Research Center
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1976-06) Water Resources Research Center
The :fiscal year 1976 budget of the Center was $271,079. The Center Supported 9 research projects involving, 9 faculty members. These research projects were concerned with: developing a water resources research plan for Minnesota; developing indices for establishing water supply quality status and trends in Minnesota; analyses of organic carbon as a pollution index in Minnesota; bio-manipulation of Minnesota lakes for elimination blue-green algae; social trends of water quality status and trends in Minnesota; assessment of water quality status and trends in Minnesota by remote sensing techniques; feasibility using iron-ore overburden material as a media for disposal of secondary sewage effluent in northeastern Minnesota; effects of silt and turbidity from agricultural drainage on benthic invertebrates in streams in western Minnesota; and effects of' drainage projects on surface runoff from wetland topography of the North Central Region. About 30 students received employment through the Center’s program. During fiscal year 1976, there were 18 reports generated through research projects
Water Resources Administration in Minnesota, 1972
(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1972-04) Walton, William C.
In 1970. Minnesota’s State government contained at least 21 departments, agencies, boards, commission, committees, etc. with which water and related land resources responsibilities. Expenditures by these organizations increased from $5.7 million in 1950 to $31.9 million in 1970. About 86% of expenditures were made by the Department of Conservation. Total State agency staff complements increased from 1,100 in 1960 to 1,400 in 1970. Prime responsibility for water and related land resources programs rested in 3 Committees of the Senate and 2 Committees in the House. The Governor’s and Legislature’s control of the State’s administrative apparatus is hampered through fragmented organization. A recommended plan of reorganization centers on consolidation of major functions within and Department of Natural Resources. There is need for the Legislature to enunciate a comprehensive environmental policy for the State. In 1970, there were 5 international, 5 regional, 3 interstate, and 4 Federal-State organizations with programs in the State. Federal responsibilities in water and related land resources planning, development and management in Minnesota was divided among 30 units in 8 executive departments and agencies; 6 independent agencies; 6 units in the executive office of the President; 9 other boards, committees, councils and commissions; and 1 quasi-official agency. In fiscal Year 1970, Federal outlays for water and related land resources activities in the State totaled about $75 million or 2.3 percent of total Federal outlays in Minnesota of about $3.3 billion. There were about 1,300 Federal employees residing in Minnesota in fiscal year 1970 with assignments pertaining to water and related land resources. In 1971, there were at least 49 Interest groups in Minnesota with major water and related land resources programs, 4 Leagues and Associations with minor water and related land resources programs, at least 80 organizations that tend to have a continuing interest in water related land resources issues, and at least 150 National organizations concerned with water and related land resources programs which have or could have members in the State. The Minnesota Senate 1971 registration files for lobbyists listed 110 lobbyists in the field of water and related land resources; the House files listed 138 lobbyists. Of the 53 Interest groups (49 Interest group sand 4 Leagues and Associations mentioned above), 40 were conservation-preservation oriented, 8 had the word environmental in their name, and 5 were development and management oriented. Taking into consideration multiple memberships, it is estimated that approximately 25,000 citizens in Minnesota were members of the 53 interest groups in 1971. Membership in individual Interest groups ranged from 13 to 12,000. Expenditures in 1971for water and related land resources programs of the 53 Interest groups probably totaled in excess of $250,000. Annual expenditures by individual Interest groups ranged from $100 to in excess of $35,000. These figures do not include the thousands of hours of volunteer time by members. The sources of income were dues, contributions, donations, and grants. The affairs of 45 of the 53 Interest groups were under the direction of Officers; 8 Interest groups had Boards; and 14 Interest groups had staffs. It is estimated that the number of water and related land resources Interest groups increased from about 16 in 1950 to 25 in 1960 to 33 in 1965 to 53 in 1971. In the past, there has been considerable activity in Minnesota associated with the development and management of water and related land resources. For example, water-supply and sewage treatment plants have been constructed at most cities and villages as well as by many industries. Water-oriented recreation facilities have been provided in connection with parks, waysides, reserves, and monuments, etc. scattered throughout the State. Fish management programs have been extended to many areas and hundreds of wildlife management areas have been developed. Wetland waterfowl production areas being managed. Agricultural lands have been drained in extensive areas and farmers have made considerable progress in the installation of conservation practices to reduce and control soil erosion. Some flood control and prevention have been accomplished as soil and water conservation projects of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Extensive improvements of rivers and harbors for navigation are located along the Mississippi River and in the Duluth-Superior area. Past development and management practices, as substantial as they are, have not kept pace with the steadily growing demands placed upon water and related land resources. Not only does Minnesota have catch up problems to contend with in the future, continuing pressures and demands for enhancement of the enivironemnt and improved economic well-being can be expected to create steadily growing demands for water and related land resources. There exists many water and related land resource problems associated with such matters as: pollution of streams, lakes and groundwater; water-oriented recreation; water supply; flooding; navigation; and land use. Responsibilities for water and related land resources data acquisition and handling in Minnesota are shared among many Federal, State, local and private organizations. The diffusion of responsibility makes it difficult to launch a comprehensive attack on environmental and other problems. Divided responsibility means that some needed data acquisition and handling programs slip between the cracks and disappear from view. One such program is the development of a statewide water and related land resources data system. A statewide water and related land resources - data system is needed to improve the coordination of data acquisition and handling responsibilities, to improve the efficiency of data programs, and to upgrade and fill deficiencies in data programs. Institutional arrangements must be devised to design the system. A State Environmental Policy Bill, H.F. No. 2405, introduced by Messrs. Dunn, Norton, Becklin, Munger and Knutson passed the House on May 21, 1971 with a vote of yeas 117 and nays 12. A companion bill, S.F. 2048, introduced by Messrs. Gage, Gustafson, and Popham and referred to the Committee on Civil Administration was not reported out-of-Committee. H.F. No. 2405, passed by the House, was introduced in the Senate on May 22, 1971. The bill was never read for the third time, thus, it never came up for vote in the Senate. This bill addressed itself to many existing water and related land resources planning policy questions as did a report approved by the Land and Water Resource s Committee, House of Representatives on November 30, 1970. During 1971 and 1972, several Subcommittees of Committees of the State Senate and House held joint hearings on water and related land resources issues. Governor Anderson in April 1972 established an Environmental Quality Council with a Citizens Advisory Committee. These actions could lead to the passage of a State Environmental Policy Act during the 1973 Session of the Legislature and to the improvement of government for water and related land resources programs in Minnesota.

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