Browsing by Subject "medicine"
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Item Aquatic Plants from Minnesota Part 1 - Chemical Survey(Water Resources Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1972-02) Staba, E. John; Su, K. LeeThe aquatic plants in Minnesota have not been surveyed medicinally for useful chemical compounds. A study was conducted with a reasonable anticipation of finding compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and lipids which might be useful in medicine. Examination of chemical constituents was accomplished on the following plants collected from various lakes in Minnesota: Anacharis canadensis, Call Polustris, Carex lacustris, Ceratophyllum demersum, Chara vulgaris, Eleocharis smallii, Lemna minor, Myriophyllum exalbescens, Nuphar variegatum, Nymphaea tuberosa, Potamogeton amplifolius, P. natans, P. pectinatus, P. richardsonu, P. zosteriformis, Sagittaria cuneata, S. latifolia, Sparganium eurycarpum, S. fluctuans, Typha angustifolia, Vallisneria americana, and Zizania aquetica.Item A Comparison of Mental Health in the United States and Morocco: A Literature Review and Summary of Responses by Students(2021-05) Adamek, Andrew JThis review article is based on a partnership between the University of Minnesota and the Hassan II University Hospital Center in a virtual internship. I have compiled my experiences, the experiences of a surgeon in Morocco, studies on mental health in both countries, and two questionnaires that were completed by students in both countries into a report of the differences and similarities in mental health in the two countries and recommendations for improvement for each. We have found that, there is a similar rate of burnout of physicians in the two countries, around 40%, the rate of mental health conditions is higher in Morocco, at 48.9%, than the United States, at 20.6%, and that there are more barriers to accessing mental health care in Morocco for many complex reasons, for example less funding for psychological units and a culture of mental health stigmatization. Based on these results, we recommend that for Morocco, it is essential to create a strong and national system to combat the stigma of mental health conditions and increase access to mental health resources, which may lead to more psychological units for students in schools and more psychologists in hospitals on-site for psychological assessments on demand that will be needed when the stigma around mental health is reduced. For the United States, we recommend that even more resources are necessary for mental health, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and, when safe, for students to return to in-person classes, as students indicate many difficulties with online learning during COVID-19.Item Governing Habitual Drunkards: Guardianship, Life Insurance, and the Medico-Legal History of Compulsive Drinking in Nineteenth-Century America(2021-10) Korostyshevsky, DavidDuring the nineteenth century, the habitual drunkard became a problematic kind of person who required medical and legal attention. Growing anxieties about compulsive drinking coalesced around the terminology of habitual drunkenness, a concept that captured the sense that alcohol caused compulsion. Religious temperance reformers, many of whom were physicians, defined habitual drunkenness as an artificial appetite, a physiological condition of habituation in which the drinker lost the physical capacity for control over drinking. Non-medical actors such as civil courts and life insurers also took up the quest to define, detect, and discipline the habitual drunkard. When intoxicated heads of households neglected their families and estates, civil courts placed them under guardianship, a legal status that recognized habitual drunkenness as a form of mental incapacity. Guardianship also abridged the habitual drunkard’s property and contract rights. In a parallel vein, life insurers sought to avoid insuring habitual drunkards through medical screening and the inclusion of temperance clauses into their policy contracts. Both courts and life insurers worked to apply generalized definitions of habitual drunkenness to specific individuals before them. In both contexts, a combination of public and private actors navigated a complex combination of scientific and medical knowledge about alcohol, religious temperance ideologies about drunkenness as sin, and changing legal doctrine regarding mental capacity as they governed and disciplined compulsive drinkers. In the adjudication of guardianship cases and in life insurers’ quest to exclude drinkers, non-medical actors established habitual drunkenness as a serviceable—albeit contested, inchoate, and often ambiguous—medico-legal category.Item Interview with Shelley Chou(University of Minnesota, 1999-07-12) Chou, Shelley N.; Pflaum, Ann M.Ann Pflaum interviews Dr. Shelley Chou, former vice-president for Health Sciences and head of the Department of Neurosurgery.Item Otolaryngology at the University of Minnesota: 1888-2018(University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2018-09) Wilson, KentOtolaryngology at the University of Minnesota: 1888–2018 is an engaging story of the 130-year development of the medical specialty at the University of Minnesota. This book covers the program’s early days in a near-frontier setting, to its rise in becoming a regional and national leader of research and specialty medical education. Editor Kent Wilson, MD, walks readers through the program’s early history, from the first Professor of Eye & Ear, John F. Fulton, MD, PhD, to current development of advanced fellowship training in Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Pediatric Otolaryngology, and Neurotology. All in all this book provides a contemporary look at otolaryngology — past, present, and future.Item Simple Medicines: land, health, and power in the 19th-century Ojibwe western Great Lakes(2021-09) Flood, Margaret“Simple Medicines: Land, Health, and Power in the 19th-century Ojibwe western Great Lakes” is a cultural history of medicine in mixed Indigenous Ojibwe and settler communities in the western Great Lakes between 1823 and 1891. This dissertation demonstrates that the ways that settler American and Ojibwe communities understood and sought health fundamentally shaped the dynamic transformations of political, religious, economic, and environmental landscapes in nineteenth century Anishinaabewaki or Anishinaabe territories. The period of 1825-1891 marked the beginning of the US-Ojibwe political relations and a resulting sea change in Ojibwe territorial management, lifeways, and population. While Anishinaabewaki had been and remained a richly international space, American settler colonialism deeply marked Ojibwe people, Ojibwe communities, and Ojibwe land through treaties, reservations, assimilation, and allotment. This dissertation situates the enduring if often contradictory value of medical practices and discourses in settler and Ojibwe relations. Medicine was consistently part of US political relationships with Ojibwe nations through the nineteenth century although the sites in which medicine operated changed over time. These changes were interlinked. The American settler state used settler colonial medicine through treaties, annuities, federally supported missions, and federally supported Indian agencies. Through these technologies and infrastructures, the settler state promoted a vision of health that was assimilative and as such genocidal. Medical practices and discourses of health were deeply entangled with religious reform, economic expansion, and the acquisition of land. This story of medical practice and health discourse must also be read through a longstanding Ojibwe medical pluralism, in which medical exchanges acted to create political, economic, and social relationships while refracting powerful relations with material and immaterial more-than-humans including land. Ojibwe brought settlers into relation through medicine and other forms of gift exchange through which relationships were created, recognized, and maintained. Relationships as a medium extended between humans and more-than-humans including powerful material entities and immaterial entities. Relationships created health and healthy lives for Ojibwe as Ojibwe. Processes of alliance-building, and processes of alliance-destroying, were and are processes of health.Item Transforming the University: Final Report of the AHC Precinct Plan Task Force(University of Minnesota, 2006-05-05) Bock, Terry; Forsyth, AnnThe new AHC precinct plan must extend beyond the Minneapolis four square block area of earlier plans – to include the Riverside campus, the St. Paul campus, the growing research area near the proposed stadium, the area north and east of the Student Housing Superblock, as well as areas in Duluth and Rochester. The plan needs to encompass not only education and research, but patient care as well. Over the past six months, the task force identified and defined key strategic facility issues, planning principles, design concepts, and building needs for incorporation into a new precinct plan for the Academic Health Center.Item Transforming the University: Final Report of the AHC Task Force on Health Professional Workforce(University of Minnesota, 2006-05-05) Brandt, Barbara F.; Ling, LouisCombined, the six schools of the Academic Health Center educate and train 70% of Minnesota’s dentists, advanced nurse practitioners, pharmacists, physicians, public health professionals, and veterinarians. In addition, many graduates become researchers and faculty in Minnesota, nationally and internationally. The growing demand for health professionals, the increasing cost of health professional education, the decreasing public investment in health professional education, and the shift to community-based education partnerships in Minnesota necessitates an analysis of how the Academic Health Center will meet the state’s future health professional workforce needs.Item Transforming the University: Final Report of the Clinical Sciences Enterprise Task Force(University of Minnesota, 2006-05-05) Daniels, Bobbie; Powell, Deborah E.The Clinical Sciences Enterprise task force was charged to define the clinical sciences and articulate its elements; to assess its current state; to identify goals for strengthening the key components of the enterprise and strategies for making the entire enterprise system effective and supportive of outstanding research, education and patient care; and to delineate the role of the clinical sciences in the strategic positioning of the University and Academic Health Center (AHC). There are pockets of real strength in the clinical sciences across the AHC, but each major area of the clinical sciences (clinical care delivery, education and research) needs to be strengthened further and the connections among the components of the clinical sciences need to be improved. The diversity of schools and professional disciplines with the AHC and the possibilities for collaboration are a significant asset. The prevailing lack of consensus at the University about the importance of clinical care delivery to the academic mission currently impedes the potential of the clinical sciences enterprise to deliver the most outstanding research, education and patient care.Item Transforming the University: Final Report of the Knowledge Management Technology Task Force(University of Minnesota, 2006-05-05) Olson, Debra; Perkowski, LindaThe Knowledge Management Technology Task Force was charged to envision how, over the next five years, the Academic Health Center (AHC) will use electronic technology in education and health service delivery to provide outstanding and cutting-edge academic programs and practice. This task is necessary due to the rapidly changing context for health professional education: Health professional education and care delivery are undergoing rapid digitization; information is being generated and disseminated at increasingly fast rates; educational models are shifting from a focus on teaching to a focus on learning; and health professional education and care delivery are becoming more closely coupled.Item Tunable Polymers as Specialized Excipients for Oral Drug Delivery(2016-08) Ting, JeffreyFor the continued advancement of modern pills and tablets in oral drug administration, spray–dried dispersions (solid–solid mixtures of amorphous drugs and polymers) have the potential to elevate poor drug solubility by orders of magnitude through drug supersaturation, thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency, oral bioavailability, and safety of accessible, lifesaving medicines worldwide. However, drug formulation efforts of these materials often employ Edisonian trial–and–error tactics with limited molecular– level understanding of the underlying interactions between polymers and drugs. Herein, a rational approach to establish fundamental structure–property relationships is presented using well–defined, modular polymer platforms. Specifically, Chapters 3–5 describes the synthesis, characterization, and performance properties of a multicomponent acrylic polymer, inspired by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). By strategically varying the precise monomeric incorporation, microstructure, and chemical character of these HPMCAS analogs, we systematically examined how specific polymeric attributes produce stable, amorphous spray–dried dispersions with various hydrophobic drugs at increasing drug loadings. Chapter 6 extends these ideas for precision drug formulation, a concept that specialized polymers can be judiciously constructed around drugs of high therapeutic interest. High–throughput synthesis and screening tools expedited this process, akin to molecular evolution methods in biology and genetics; in vitro and in vivo results show the remarkable versatility and ability of designer polymers to controllably solubilize drugs. Altogether, this simple but universal approach combining synthetic and predictive ingredients enables the establishment of robust guidelines to meet unfulfilled needs in the pharmaceutical landscape.