Browsing by Subject "marriage"
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Item Connect [Spring/Summer 2015](University of Minnesota: College of Education and Human Development, 2015-03) University of Minnesota: College of Education and Human DevelopmentWorld classroom: Global brainpower and a balance of theory and applied experience set Minnesota’s comparative and international development education program apart. All hands on deck Pioneering international educator Josef Mestenhauser, 1925-2015, lent urgency to the work of teaching and learning. Inquiry in motion: A dizzying look into student research in an unusual lab. Family and friends to the rescue: Everyday relationships are the first line of support for marriages in trouble.Item Contesting Husbands and Masters: Law, Society, and the Marital Household in Colonial Lima(2015-07) Wisnoski III, AlexanderThis dissertation examines marital relations, and specifically marital conflicts, in early colonial Lima in order to analyze gender and power in the Spanish Empire. Through my reading of cases held before the ecclesiastical tribunal, I show how wives and their supporters resisted and questioned husbands’ authority primarily through reifying of patriarchal norms, in the form of the ideals of manhood. Rather than challenges based on the perceived rights of women, the citing of failures of marital masculinity dominated the discourse of these trials. This marital masculinity encompassed the nature, characteristics, and actions expected of a married man. This manhood was rooted in broader early modern Catholic ideals and comprised expectations of provision, protection, and fidelity. In addition to following Church prescriptions on appropriate behavior for men, the patriarchal expectations found in these cases involved upholding the racial hierarchy of colonial society. Wives and witnesses highlighted instances such as the use of racial epithets and infidelity that crossed racial lines as further failures to live up to the masculine ideal. This dissertation approaches the dynamics of gender domination from a number of perspectives. In chapter 1, I examine the petitions by women seeking a divorcio (ecclesiastical divorce which dictated the separation of bed and board) and analyze how they criticize their husbands for falling to fulfill their marital masculinity. Chapter 2 shows how mothers and brothers intervened in marital conflicts and reveals their investment in gendered authority. Looking beyond parents and siblings, chapter 3 highlights how community members, and especially neighbors and enslaved Africans, helped to police the duties of husbands through their testimonies to the court. Chapter 4 analyzes the conflicts between married slaves and their masters over relocation that would separate the couple to further demonstrate the link between race and manhood, one in which white masculinity trumped black masculinity. Throughout these trials, arguments based on marital masculinity proved to limit the power of patriarchs, namely husbands, but, as I demonstrate, did little to mitigate the extent of gender domination ingrained in the patriarchal structures of Lima and the broader Spanish Empire, as the patriarchal authority shifted from husbands to Church officials.Item The Lived Experience of Ambiguous Marital Separation(2018-06) Crabtree, SarahResearchers have long treated marital separation as a transition that inevitably and linearly leads to divorce, even though not all separations end this way. The small number of studies examining separation as a marital status distinct from divorce is limited in scope; most of this research is concerned with prevalence, separation outcomes, and marital instability following a separation. Popular sources suggest that some couples separate without clarity about how the separation will end, often for the purpose of assessing whether to divorce or stay married. However, no research on this this kind of ambiguous separation has yet been done. With a sample of 20 currently separated persons from various locations around the United States, I employed a hermeneutic phenomenological design to inquire about the experience of being separated from one’s spouse when the separation was initiated without knowing how it would end. Special attention was given to women’s experiences of this phenomenon. Six essential themes emerged from the interviews: 1) Our relationship feels ambiguous, 2) separation is a private experience, 3) separation is a lonely experience, 4) there are benefits to separating, 5) separation is not sustainable, and 6) the way out is unclear. A discussion of the implications for the study findings is provided.Item Understanding Social Role Contributions to Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence and Adulthood: A Genetically Informed Approach(2014-07) Ward, SarahSocial role transitions (including marriage and parenthood) are putative factors thought to predict desistance from antisocial behavior. However, it is difficult to distinguish whether these social role transitions cause a reduction in antisociality or if individual differences in antisocial behavior lead to these differences prior to social role transition. We examined the relationship between antisocial behavior (ASB) and marriage and early adult parenthood in a longitudinal study with a genetically informative sample, including a large number of female subjects. Our study included assessment of antisocial behavior both before and after these social role transitions. We also used a co-twin control (CTC) design which controls for familial factors (genetics and environment), and estimated to what degree the married twin's antisociality resembles that of the unmarried co-twin (or the early parenting co-twin resembled the non-parenting co-twin). There was no evidence of pre-existing difference in the antisociality of members of twin pairs who later became discordant for marriage or early parenthood. However, after the social role transitions, married and early-parenting co-twins were less antisocial than their co-twins who did not undergo the social role transition. This is consistent with evidence of a causal role of social roles in reductions of antisocial behavior in adulthood. We also explored the association between social role transitions and psychopathic personality traits, which are thought to underlie stable antisocial behavior. There are multiple dimensions to psychopathy, and these dimensions differ in their associations with other important characteristics. In particular, the affective and interpersonal factor of psychopathy, which is driven by low fear, may be adaptive in some contexts, whereas the behavioral disinhibition factor is more consistently associated with risk and poor outcome. We examined the relationship between two factors, Fearless Dominance (FD) and Impulsive Antisociality (IA), and these social role transitions, and the timing of these transitions. IA consistently predicted less adaptive outcomes (lower likelihood of marriage, higher likelihood of divorce, earlier parenthood), and FD was more variable (higher likelihood of divorce in female subjects, later parenthood). We also evaluated gender differences and results were largely consistent across male and female subjects. These results suggest that the interpersonal/affective quality of psychopathy may be associated with both positive and negative development, whereas behavioral disinhibition is more consistently associated with poorer outcomes.