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Browsing by Subject "accessibility"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
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    Accessibility and Centrality Based Estimation of Pedestrian Activity and Safety in Urban Areas
    (2015-10) Murphy, Brendan
    The following thesis investigates the feasibility of using metrics of accessibility to jobs, betweenness centrality, and automobile traffic levels to estimate pedestrian behav- ior levels and automobile-pedestrian collision risks within an urban area. Multimodal count and crash report data from Minneapolis, Minnesota are used as a test of this scal- able, translatable modeling framework; multiple stepwise linear regression is performed to compile a set of explanatory variables from which to construct a predictive model of pedestrian movement. The existence of the Safety In Numbers (SIN) phenomenon is in- vestigated within both the raw and estimated pedestrian movement data; the SIN effect is the phenomenon where pedestrians are found to be safer from collisions, on average, when there are more pedestrians present in a given intersection, street, or area - that is, that the per-pedestrian risk of injury inflicted by drivers of automobiles decreases as a function of the increasing volume of pedestrian traffic. Economic accessibility, between- ness centrality, and Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) were found to be significant predictors of pedestrian traffic at intersections in Minneapolis, and the SIN effect was observed in both the raw and estimated pedestrian movement data when combined with the aggregated crash data. This investigation shows the potential utility of such a model that is both scalable to larger geographic areas, and translatable to varying jurisdictions due to its reliance on nationally-available datasets. Policy implications and concerns surrounding use of the Safety In Numbers effect in planning and engineering, and issues of data quality and availability in urban geographic science, are discussed.
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    Accessibility and the Journey to Work
    (Pergamon, 1998) Levinson, David M
    This study analyzes the effect of accessibility to jobs and houses at both the home and work ends of trips on commuting duration for respondents to a household travel survey in metropolitan Washington, DC. A model is constructed to estimate the effects of demographics and relative location on the journey to work. Analysis finds that residences in job-rich areas and workplaces in housing-rich areas are associated with shorter commutes. An implication of this study is that, by balancing accessibility, the suburbanization of jobs maintains stability in commuting durations despite rising congestion, increasing trip lengths, and increased work and non-work trip making.
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    Accessibility-based Evaluation of Transit Projects
    (2016-08-01) Palmateer, Chelsey; Owen, Andrew; Levinson, David M; Ermagun, Alireza
    This study uses the accessibility-based evaluation method to unpack the interaction effect of transit oriented development and a new transit hub, using the San Francisco Transbay Transit Center Development Plan project. We reveal both the transit oriented development and transit changes positively affect accessibility to jobs and accessibility to workers. However, the magnitude of effects for the transit changes alone are minimal in comparison to the effects of the anticipated transit oriented development changes. This indicates that in areas where there already is transit service, the development of land near the transit service can have a greater impact on accessibility levels than the improvement of connections between transit services. We also unravel the increase in accessibility at the project-level and determine that the increase is greater than the sum of the contributions of the individual portions of the project. This demonstrates that transit changes and transit oriented development have a superadditive effect, although it is negligible in our case.
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    Auto accessibility measures to non-work destinations for the period of 1995, 2000, and 2005 for the Twin Cities region
    (2018-11-09) Levinson, David M; Liao, Chen-Fu; david.levinson@sydney.edu.au; Levinson, David M
    Highway-based accessibility measures to jobs and labor for the Twin Cities region were previous computed. The data here give the auto accessibility measures (TAZ level) to other destination types such as retail, entertainment, food/restaurant and recreation for the period of 1995, 2000 and 2005. The resulting access measures to different destinations will provide a comprehensive evaluation of accessibility in the Twin Cities region, which can help in operational planning and in public involvement activities of transportation agencies to ascertain how investments, transportation strategies, market conditions, and land use policies affect the performance of the transportation-land use system.
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    Block-level accessibility data for managed lanes in the Twin Cities, 2019
    (2020-03-24) Carlson, Kristin, M; Owen, Andrew; carl4498@umn.edu; Carlson, Kristin, M; University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies, Accessibility Observatory
    These data are the results of an automobile accessibility analysis for MnPASS managed lane corridors within the Metropolitan Council jurisdiction. The details of the "Tier 1" managed lanes selected for this study can be found in the 2040 Thrive MSP Transportation Policy Plan (TPP). Census block level access to jobs is evaluated for the Existing/Under Construction MnPASS corridors and compared to the planned corridors included in the Tier 1 Current Revenue Scenario. Accessibility change is measured as the number of additional jobs a worker can reach when Tier 1 MnPASS corridor speeds are allowed compared to general purpose lane speeds, for the same departure time of day and travel duration.
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    Building the Future of Art Museums: Spotlighting Behind the Scenes Roles in Art Museums and Art Spaces in the Twin Cities
    (2023) Pilarski, Laura A
    This StoryMap dives into the world of behind the scenes roles at Twin Cities art museums through a series of interviews with industry professionals with the central question being how they view the future of museums from their perspective. This question guided our conversations, with topics including: accessibility, labor and compensation, the changing role of institutions after COVID-19, and technology’s impact on the field. This narrative-based methodology seeks to amplify the voices of those who work in less visible roles within museums and the impact of their work regarding DEAI, the art viewing experience, and the preservation of the artists’ vision through exhibition design. A phenomenological approach was taken to further examine the main topics and current events within the field.
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    CatDoc HackDoc: Tools and Processes for Managing Documentation Lifecycle, Workflows, and Accessibility
    (Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 2019-11-06) Bergland, Kristi; Davis, Kalan K; Traill, Stacie
    Documentation of local policies, workflows, and procedures is an important activity for cataloging and metadata units. But creating and maintaining documentation is a huge task that is not always a high priority. Librarians at the University of Minnesota Libraries planned a documentation hackathon, CatDoc HackDoc, with three primary goals: to update a large amount of documentation quickly, to apply accessibility best practices to all documentation, and to bring new staff into the documentation workflow. This article describes the event’s planning process, structure, and outcomes, and offers guidance on how others can adapt the CatDoc HackDoc model in their own organizations.
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    Listening is Aural, Visual, and Vibrational: Advancing the Notions of Aural Diversity through Music Composition
    (2022-05) Pujakusuma, Gian Afrisando
    Music is widely assumed to be an experience for a singular, typical hearing type. This dissertation challenges this assumption and comprises rationales and artistic frameworks behind the author’s four multimedia works: audiovisual composition “The (Real) Laptop Music :)),” dance film “Tangguh,” no-audio video “[SOUNDSCAPTION: Soundwalk],” and audiovisual composition “Aural Architecture.” These works focus on four major themes, respectively: (1) fostering universal design principles, (2) reflecting on inclusive design principles, (3) making access performative, and (4) bridging the seemingly contrasting poles between the Deaf and hearing worlds. This dissertation is concluded with evaluations and suggestions for improving future works. In contemplating the application of aural diversity in the author’s artistic practice, this research is intended to foster a more inclusive musical and listening culture and center humanity’s diversity in sonic arts cultures and scholarship.
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    Modeling the commute mode share of transit using continuous accessibility to jobs
    (2013-09) Owen, Andrew
    This research develops an accessibility-based model of aggregate commute mode share, focusing on the share of transit relative to auto. It demonstrates the use of continuous accessibility -- calculated continuously in time, rather than at a single or a few departure times -- for the evaluation of transit systems. These accessibility calculations are accomplished using only publicly-available data sources. Multiple time thresholds for a cumulative opportunities measure of accessibility are evaluated for their usefulness in modeling transit mode share. A binomial logit model is estimated which predicts the likelihood that a commuter will choose transit rather than auto for a commute trip based on aggregate characteristics of the surrounding area. Variables in this model include demographic factors as well as detailed accessibility calculations for both transit and auto. The model achieves a pseudo-R-sqaure value of 0.597, and analysis of the results suggests that continuous accessibility of transit systems may be a valuable tool for use in modeling and forecasting. It may be possible to apply these techniques to existing models of transit ridership and mode share to improve their performance and cost-effectiveness.
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    The Perspectives on Health Care of Women Living Poverty
    (2020) Strehlke, Kathleen
    Today, in the United States, women living in poverty are faced with many barriers to health care that affect their quality of life and life expectancy. Between the richest 1% and poorest 1% of women in the U.S., there is a life expectancy gap of 10 years (Chetty et al., 2016). Very few studies have investigated the perceptions on health care of people living in poverty. A study that explored perspectives on accessing health care found that parents living in poverty often must choose between three ideals: acceptability, availability, and affordability (Angier et al., 2014). The current study involved group interviews over Zoom and an online Qualtrics survey with a sample of 10 women from a population of 100 adults at the Steve O’Neil Apartments in Duluth, Minnesota. Guided by the Health Belief Model developed by Hochbaum, Kegels, and Rosenstock, this study explores perceptions of health care barriers, quality of health care, and health literacy among women living in poverty. Health care services were, in general, acceptable, available, and affordable with the exception of two components. Diagnostic tests and dental care services were often not available or affordable for participants. A small portion of participants may have low health literacy which indicates they need assistance with reading, talking about, and understanding health information. The combination of low health literacy and low access to diagnostic tests and dental services could contribute to poor health outcomes for people living in poverty in Duluth, Minnesota. This study contributes to data on the acceptability, affordability, and availability of health care for women living in poverty.
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    The Safest Path: Analyzing the Effects of Crash Costs on Route Choice and Accessibility
    (2016-08-01) Cui, Mengying; Levinson, David M
    The "safest path" is proposed to optimize the on-road safety of individuals and minimize the cost of crashes. In this study, the framework of a link-based crash cost analysis is built and applied to assess the crash cost of each link segment on the road network of the Minneapolis - St. Paul area based on Safety Performance Functions from the perspective of travelers. The safest path is then found for all OD pairs to compare flow patterns and accessibility distributions with those based on the traditional shortest travel time path. While, the safest path does not coincide with the shortest path, the accessibility distributions have similar patterns.