Browsing by Subject "Vitamin D"
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Item Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive Developmental Disorders) and vitamin D(2010-11-02) Miller, BarrieThe Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD’s) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that result in abnormalities of socialization, communication and behavior. There has been an apparent increase in the prevalence of ASD’s in the last 20 years. While the exact etiologies of the ASD’s are not known, scientists believe that gene/environment interactions are involved in the development of ASD’s. Genes make some individuals more susceptible to environmental factors. One environmental factor that could be involved in the development of ASD’s is vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood development. Vitamin D is an important neurosteroid involved in brain development. Animal studies have shown that gestational vitamin D deficiency results in offspring with anatomical abnormalities similar to those found in autism. Developmental vitamin D deficiency has been found to dysregulate 36 proteins involved in mammalian brain development. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and throughout childhood could possibly help prevent some cases of ASD.Item Current Definition of Vitamin D Status Misclassifies Maladapted Children of First Generation African Immigrants to the Northern US(2017-06) Hamdoun, ElwaseilaSkin pigmentation, vitamin D inactivation and genetic variation of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) are all essential mechanisms for adaptive vitamin D metabolism in African children living near the equator. The widely used measurement of total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) test ignores their inherent differences and maladaptive vitamin D metabolism, and potentially misclassifies their vitamin D status in northern parts of the United States. The goal of this multi-center international cross-sectional observational study was to better define vitamin D status in Somali immigrants living in the northern US. Well children aged 6 months to 7 years from Minnesota (US-born of Somali descent, n=55) and in Uganda (n=95) were enrolled. 25OHD and other vitamin D metabolites (24,25(OH)2D) were measured by immune-affinity extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypocalcemia status were used as indicators of insufficiency. DBP haplotypes were determined. Ninety-one percent of the Minnesota Somali participants had 25OHD levels <30 ng/mL (vs 48% in Ugandans). Compared to the Ugandan group, and despite better nutritional status (milk intake), MN Somali children had lower 25OHD (23.7 ng/mL vs 30.1; p<0.0001) and calcium levels (9.1 mg/dL vs 9.5; p<0.0001), and higher PTH levels (47 pg/mL vs 36; p<0.0001). Somalis had a significantly higher frequency (57% vs 14% in Ugandans; p<0.001) of calcium in the lower level of normal even at 25OHD levels > 20 (American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) cutoff for sufficiency). This was not significantly different from the Somali group with 25OHD < 20 (p<0.3). The high affinity allele Gc1f was the predominant DBP variant in both Somalis and Ugandans, yet MN Somalis had a higher percentage of low serum calcium status. The Somali group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D inactivation (higher 24,25(OH)2D) despite having lower 25OHD levels, raising a concern of maladaptive vitamin D metabolism and inherent susceptibility to vitamin D deficiency independent of limited cutaneous vitamin D synthesis as a result of darker skin tone. These results suggest that 25OHD levels 20-30 ng/mL (above the AAP cutoff for sufficiency (>20 ng/mL)) are common in children of Somali descent in northern US, and are clinically significant. Also, while African children living near the equator possess adaptive mechanisms for acquisition and utilization of vitamin D, those same mechanisms could render them susceptible to insufficiency when migrating to high latitude regions such as the northern US.Item Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Risk(2009-05-06) Robertson, MatthewVitamin D is a cheap, relatively safe, dietary supplement that in doses greater than 400IU per day may lower the risk of developing MS by as much as 40%.Item Preventing Falls with Vitamin D(2010-10-29) Haehn, MissyVitamin D is known to have direct effects on muscle strength and can improve strength, function, and balance in elderly individuals. Supplementation of 700-1000 IU Vitamin D in individuals over age 65 has been shown to decrease falls by 19%. This effect is present within 2-5 months of treatment and lasts 12 months after cessation of treatment.Item Sunscreen usage in theory can significantly reduce cutaneous vitamin D production, but its normal usage will generally not lead to vitamin D deficiency.(2010-09-15) Johnson, TaraSunscreen is an easy and effective way of preventing overexposure to UV rays and subsequent sunburn. In a systematic review of multiple published studies regarding the use of sunscreen and its effect on Vitamin D levels, it was determined that it’s typical usage—under-applying in amount, frequency, and locations over the body compared to what’s directed—will not decrease cutaneous vitamin D production.Item Vitamin D and Mood(2012-04-10) Hachey, MariyaItem Vitamin D Deficiency(2010-07-29) Nio, KusumaSymptomatic vitamin D deficiency has become increasingly prevalent particularly among the Somali immigrant group living in the Twin Cities Area. Serum vitamin D level should be assessed and the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency should be considered when dealing with adult Somali females presenting with symptoms of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, physicians should also consider nutritional screening and provide nutritional guidance or supplementation of vitamin D in asymptomatic patients.Item Vitamin D Deficiency: Are you getting the “D” you need?(2009-05-06) Leitzen, KeithVitamin D is important for muscle and bone health. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cortical bone loss, increased bone turnover, and increased parathyroid hormone levels, predisposing to osteoporosis. Vitamin D supplementation increases bone density in established deficiency. Historically, the main source of vitamin D was exposure to sunlight. However, changes in lifestyle and awareness of the hazards associated with sun exposure have changed this. Also, Sunscreen sun protection factor 15 (adequately applied) reduces previtamin D synthesis by >99%. At latitudes greater than 35 degrees (MN is at 40 and greater degrees), UVB energy is insufficient to produce vitamin D during the winter months,4 producing a ‘vitamin D winter’ of variable duration, centered on the winter solstice. During these times of no cutaneous vitamin D production, dietary intake of vitamin D and previous vitamin stores become important. Treating deficiency involves correcting the vitamin D deficit and ensuring continuing maintenance of vitamin D status.Item Vitamin D Facts(2008-09-02) Laes, JoAnIf serum vitamin D levels are low, vitamin D supplementation is encouraged as it is associated with decreased risk of disease, such as rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, cancer, and diabetes. Vitamin D supplementation poses little risk and is low cost.Item Vitamin D for Nursing Mothers: What you need to know for your baby’s health(2010-07-22) Nielson, Jessica A.High dose maternal vitamin D supplements, up to 4000 IU/d (10x current recommended daily intake RDI), safely increases vitamin D concentration in the blood of both mother and baby, therefore increasing the RDI of vitamin D in nursing mothers could help to prevent diseases caused by vitamin D deficiency (i.e. rickets, hypocalcemia) in the solely breast fed infant without risk of vitamin D overdose. This would effectively eliminate the need to give the infant vitamin D supplements.Item Vitamin D in Pregnancy(2012-09-24) McKenzie, KathrynItem Vitamin D status and longitudinal lung function decline in the Lung Health Study(2014-01) Kunisaki, KenLow vitamin D blood levels are postulated to be a risk factor for worse lung function, largely based on cross-sectional data. We sought to use longitudinal data to test the hypothesis that baseline plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is lower in subjects with more rapid lung function decline, compared to those with slow lung function decline. We conducted a nested, matched case-control study in the Lung Health Study 3 cohort. Cases and controls were continuous smokers with rapid and slow lung function decline, respectively, over approximately 6 years of follow-up. We compared baseline 25(OH)D levels between cases and controls, matching on date of blood draw and clinical center. Among 196 subjects, despite rapid and slow decliners experiencing strikingly and significantly different rates of decline of forced expiratory volume in one second (-152 vs. -0.3 mL/year; p<0.001), there was no significant difference in baseline 25(OH)D levels (25.0 vs. 25.9 ng/mL; p=0.54). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (35%) and deficiency (31%); only 4% had a normal 25(OH)D level in the winter. Although vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are common among continuous smokers with established mild to moderate COPD, baseline 25(OH)D levels are not predictive of subsequent lung function decline.Item Vitamin D supplementation(2010-11-02) Meyer, LauraVitamin D supplementation is an inexpensive intervention that has many known benefits, including the maintenance of bone health. Given the current interest in the potential benefits of adequate vitamin D status, many patients are supplementing. A meta-analysis published in the Archives of Internal Medicine in 2007 indicates that vitamin D supplementation is not associated with adverse effects; in fact, there appears to be an associated decrease in all-cause mortality.Item What’s the Deal with D: A Patient’s Guide to Vitamin D Supplementation(2010-09-15) Hochhalter, RyanGeneral information regarding Vitamin D, what it is, why it’s needed, how people get it, risk factors for deficiency, and safety.