Browsing by Subject "Urban Transportation"
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Item Access Across America: Auto 2018(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-03) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, BrendanAccessibility is the ease and feasibility of reaching valued destinations. It can be measured for a wide array of transportation modes, to different types of destinations, and at different times of day. There are a variety of ways to define accessibility, but the number of destinations reachable within a given travel time is the most comprehensible and transparent as well as the most directly comparable across cities. This study estimates the accessibility to jobs by auto for each of the 11 million U.S. census blocks and analyzes these data in the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas. Travel times are calculated using a detailed road network and speed data that reflect typical conditions for an 8 a.m. Wednesday morning departure. Additionally, the accessibility results for 8 a.m. are compared with accessibility results for 4 a.m. to estimate the impact of road and highway congestion on job accessibility. Rankings are determined by a weighted average of accessibility, with a higher weight given to closer, easier-toaccess jobs. Jobs reachable within 10 minutes are weighted most heavily, and jobs are given decreasing weights as travel time increases up to 60 minutes. This report presents detailed accessibility values for each metropolitan area, as well as block-level maps which illustrate the spatial patterns of accessibility within each area. A separate publication, Access Across America: Auto 2018 Methodology, describes the data and methodology used in this evaluation.Item Access Across America: Auto 2018 Methodology(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-04) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, BrendanAccessibility is the ease of reaching valued destinations. It can be measured across different times of day (accessibility in the morning rush might be lower than the less-congested midday period). It can be measured for each mode (accessibility by walking is usually lower than accessibility by transit, which is usually lower than accessibility by car). There are a variety of ways to measure accessibility, but the number of destinations reachable within a given travel time is the most comprehensible and transparent as well as the most directly comparable across cities. This report describes the data and methodology used in the Access Across America: Auto 2018 report, which estimates the accessibility to jobs by auto for each of the 11 million U.S. census blocks and analyzes these data in the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas. Travel times are calculated using a detailed road network and speed data that reflect typical conditions for an 8 a.m. Wednesday morning departure. Additionally, the accessibility results for 8 a.m. are compared with accessibility results for 4 a.m. to estimate the impact of road and highway congestion on job accessibility. Rankings are determined by a weighted average of accessibility, with a higher weight given to closer, easier-toaccess jobs. Jobs reachable within 10 minutes are weighted most heavily, and jobs are given decreasing weights as travel time increases up to 60 minutes.Item Access Across America: Transit 2018(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-02) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, BrendanAccessibility is the ease and feasibility of reaching valued destinations. It can be measured for a wide array of transportation modes, to different types of destinations, and at different times of day. There are a variety of ways to measure accessibility, but the number of destinations reachable within a given travel time is the most comprehensible and transparent as well as the most directly comparable across cities. This study estimates the accessibility to jobs by transit and walking for each of the United States’ 11 million census blocks, and analyzes these data in the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas. Transit is used for an estimated 5 percent of commuting trips in the United States, making it the second most widely used commute mode after driving. Travel times by transit are calculated using detailed pedestrian networks and full transit schedules for the 7:00 – 9:00 a.m. period. The calculations include all components of a transit journey, including “last-mile” access and egress walking segments and transfers, and account for minute-by-minute variations in service frequency. This report presents detailed accessibility values for each metropolitan area, as well as block-level maps that illustrate the spatial patterns of accessibility within each area. A separate publication, Access Across America: Transit 2018 Methodology, describes the data and methodology used in this evaluation. This analysis uses the same tools and techniques as previous reports in the Access Across America: Transit series. However, beginning in data year 2018, federal jobs and federal workers are not included due to changes in underlying datasets from the U.S. Census Bureau. As a result, comparisons between 2017 and 2018 accessibility results are less accurate in areas where federal employment is a greater share of total employment.Item Access Across America: Transit 2018 Methodology(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-02) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, BrendanAccessibility is the ease of reaching valued destinations. It can be measured across different times of day (accessibility in the morning rush might be lower than the less-congested midday period). It can be measured for each mode (accessibility by walking is usually lower than accessibility by transit, which is usually lower than accessibility by car). There are a variety of ways to measure accessibility, but the number of destinations reachable within a given travel time is the most comprehensible and transparent as well as the most directly comparable across cities. This report describes the data and methodology used in the Access Across America: Transit 2018 report (http://hdl.handle.net/11299/218066), which examines accessibility to jobs by transit in the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas in the United States. Rankings are determined by a weighted average of accessibility, giving a higher weight to closer jobs. Jobs reachable within ten minutes are weighted most heavily, and jobs are given decreasing weight as travel time increases up to 60 minutes.Item Access Across America: Transit 2019(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-10) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, BrendanAccessibility is the ease and feasibility of reaching valued destinations. It can be measured for a wide array of transportation modes, to different types of destinations, and at different times of day. There are a variety of ways to measure accessibility, but the number of destinations reachable within a given travel time is the most comprehensible and transparent as well as the most directly comparable across cities. This study estimates the accessibility to jobs by transit and walking for each of the United States’ 11 million census blocks, and analyzes these data in the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas. Transit is used for an estimated 5 percent of commuting trips in the United States, making it the second most widely used commute mode after driving. Travel times by transit are calculated using detailed pedestrian networks and full transit schedules for the 7:00 – 9:00 a.m. period. The calculations include all components of a transit journey, including “last-mile” access and egress walking segments and transfers, and account for minute-by-minute variations in service frequency. This report presents detailed accessibility values for each metropolitan area, as well as block-level maps that illustrate the spatial patterns of accessibility within each area. A separate publication, Access Across America: Transit 2019 Methodology, describes the data and methodology used in this evaluation. This analysis uses the same tools and techniques as previous reports in the Access Across America: Transit series. GTFS data are now sufficiently consistent to allow for year to year comparisons of transit accessibility, and federal jobs and federal worker data are included in U.S. Census Bureau datasets in both data year 2018 and data year 2019. As a result, comparisons between 2018 and 2019 accessibility results allow for meaningful inferences in changes in employment, land use, and transportation networks.Item Access Across America: Transit 2019 Methodology(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2020-10) Owen, Andrew; Murphy, BrendanAccessibility is the ease of reaching valued destinations. It can be measured across different times of day (accessibility in the morning rush might be lower than the less-congested midday period). It can be measured for each mode (accessibility by walking is usually lower than accessibility by transit, which is usually lower than accessibility by car). There are a variety of ways to measure accessibility, but the number of destinations reachable within a given travel time is the most comprehensible and transparent as well as the most directly comparable across cities. This report describes the data and methodology used in the Access Across America: Transit 2019 report, which examines accessibility to jobs by transit in the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas in the United States. Rankings are determined by a weighted average of accessibility, giving a higher weight to closer jobs. Jobs reachable within ten minutes are weighted most heavily, and jobs are given decreasing weight as travel time increases up to 60 minutes.