Browsing by Subject "London"
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Item Accessibility and the choice of network investments in the London Underground(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2016) Levinson, David M.; Giacomin, David; Badsey-Ellis, AntonyIn 1863, the Metropolitan Railway of what came to be known as the London Underground successfully opened as the world's first subway. Its high ridership spawned interest in additional links. Entrepreneurs secured funding and then proposed new lines to Parliament for approval, though only some were actually approved. While putative rail barons may have conducted some economic analysis, the final decision lay with Parliament, which did not have modern transportation, economic, or geographic analysis tools available. How good were the decisions that Parliament made in approving Underground lines? This paper explores the role accessibility played in the decision to approve or reject proposed early London Tube schemes. It finds that maximizing accessibility to population (highly correlated with revenue and ridership) per expenditure largely explains Parliamentary approvals and rejections.Item Accessibility and the choice of network investments in the London underground(2014-08) Giacomin, David J.In 1863, the Metropolitan Railway of what came to be known as the London Underground successfully opened as the world's first subway. Its high ridership spawned interest in additional links. Entrepreneurs secured funding and then proposed new lines to Parliament for approval, though only a portion were actually approved. While putative rail barons may have conducted some economic analysis, the final decision lay with Parliament, which did not have available modern transportation economic or geographic analysis tools. How good were the decisions that Parliament made in approving Underground Lines? This paper explores the role accessibility played on the decision to approve or reject proposed early London Tube Schemes.Item “Bless Us All, ‘Tis A Mad World”: Mad Tom O’ Bedlam, Music, And The Politic Of Noise In Seventeenth-Century London(2022-03) Nelson, JosephMusic and noise often operated as divergent sonic experiences for those living in seventeenth-century London. The degree to which people thought of music as noise often depended on the stylistic conventions of heavily class-inscribed music such as courtly dances. Music for rural dances, including folk/traditional music, was far more often associated with disorderly characters such as beggars and vagabonds. However, music and noise operated on a spectrum of sonic experiences that often ran parallel to notions of social and political disorder. This dissertation explores the connections between music, sound, and the politics of noise through a study of Poor Tom o’ Bedlam, or Mad Tom, and the sonic environment of Bethlem Hospital. This includes a history of Tom from the sixteenth-century rogue pamphlets and William Shakespeare’s King Lear (1606) to Restoration broadside ballads and eighteenth-century political pamphlets. Through analysis and close reading of music, images, and texts associated with Mad Tom, it becomes clear that the circular associations of madness, noise, and disorder in his songs run parallel to wider attitudes toward the poor, street culture, and class in London. Finally, these associations survived well into the eighteenth century and still impact how people think of madness, noise, and politics today.Item A brief introduction to London’s underground railways and land use(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2014) Darroch, NathanThe most common perception of London’s underground railways and land use is that the railway stimulated suburban development and growth of the city. However, the interface between the railway, private property interests, and urban and suburban development is much more complicated than this. This paper introduces a brief overview of the interrelationship between the railway and land use in the central zone of London and some of the complexities involved with the presence of the railway and the development or use of adjoining lands. As this topic appears to be little discussed, evidence is used from London Underground records and specialist knowledge to form the argument that the topic should have greater discussion academically and practically.Item Mobile phones and telecommuting: Effects on trips and tours of Londoners(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2011) Padayhag, Grace; Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk; Fukuda, DaisukeThis study contributes to the existing literature on the travel behavioral effects of mobile phone possession and telecommuting by investigating the effects of both and looking at average trips and tours per day as well as tour complexity. In contrast to other studies, we investigate the effects of “informal telecommuting,” defined as working from home on a personal computer. The data used in this study is taken from the London Area Travel Survey 2001, providing us with a large sample size of 27 634 individuals. The results of our descriptive and multivariate regression analysis imply that mobile phone possession significantly and positively affects total trips made, but does not necessarily affect tour complexity. Our study provides good evidence that mobile phone possession is clearly associated to total tours made. Though telecommuting does decrease the number of work trips, trips for other purposes (such as shopping or leisure) are likely to increase. We provide further evidence that it is the simple home-work-home tours that decrease through telecommuting and are replaced by other tour types, keeping the total tour numbers fairly constant. The effects are particularly pronounced for the part-time working population. Controlling for geographic characteristics, we further find that population density has an effect on the number of leisure trips and on tour complexity but not on the number of work or shopping trips.Item Satisfaction with travel, ideal commuting, and accessibility to employment(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2021) Pritchard, John P.; Geurs, Karst; Tomasiello, Diego B.; Slovic, Anne Dorothee; Nardocci, Adelaide; Kumar, Prashant; Giannotti, Mariana; Hagen-Zanker, AlexThis paper explores relationships between commuting times, job accessibility, and commuting satisfaction based on a large-scale survey applied in the Greater London Area (GLA), the municipality of São Paulo (MSP) and the Dutch Randstad (NLR). Potential accessibility to jobs is estimated under 3 different scenarios: reported actual commuting times (ACT), ideal commuting times (ICT), and maximum willingness to commute (MCT). In addition, binary logistic regression models, estimated using generalized linear modeling (GLM), are performed to assess the impact of these temporal preferences on the likelihood of being satisfied with commuting. As expected, ideal and maximum commuting preferences strongly impact the volume and spatial distribution of the measured accessibility to jobs. In the selected case studies, estimated ICT-based job accessibility significantly decreases total measured accessibility (60 to 100 percent), with those living in the lowest accessibility zones impacted most. Furthermore, although specific results varied between regions, the overall findings show an association between ACT and satisfaction. Likewise, commuting mode is found to be a strong predictor of travel satisfaction. Those actively traveling in all three metropolitan regions tend to be more satisfied with their commutes. Potential job accessibility is found to be only weakly associated with travel satisfaction.