Browsing by Subject "Healthcare"
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Item Anomaly detection of time series.(2010-05) Cheboli, DeepthiThis thesis deals with the problem of anomaly detection for time series data. Some of the important applications of time series anomaly detection are healthcare, eco-system disturbances, intrusion detection and aircraft system health management. Although there has been extensive work on anomaly detection (1), most of the techniques look for individual objects that are different from normal objects but do not consider the sequence aspect of the data into consideration. In this thesis, we analyze the state of the art of time series anomaly detection techniques and present a survey. We also propose novel anomaly detection techniques and transformation techniques for the time series data. Through extensive experimental evaluation of the proposed techniques on the data sets collected across diverse domains, we conclude that our techniques perform well across many datasets.Item Beyond Health Care: New Directions to a Healthier America(2009-09-24) Jacobs, Lawrence R.Item Block-level, non-work accessibility data for planned transitways in the Twin Cities(2021-01-12) Carlson, Kristin; Owen, Andrew; carl4498@umn.edu; Carlson, Kristin; University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies, Accessibility ObservatoryAccessibility to grocery stores, primary healthcare, elementary, middle, and high schools by transit is measured for the Twin Cities. Census block-level minimum travel times to the first, second, third,...,tenth destination are calculated before and after incorporating services changes to the transit network. The transit network baseline includes the Green Line extension and Orange Line. Five planned transitways are evaluated against the baseline including the B Line and local route 21 changes, the D Line and local route 5 changes, the E Line and local route 6 changes, the Gold Line, and the Rush Line. The analysis is completed for four departure windows during the weekday. The report associated with this data aggregates across the Twin Cities metropolitan worker population and disaggregates by worker demographics.Item A Comparative Study of Moroccan and American National Healthcare Expenditures in Relation to Population Health Outcomes(2017) Albrecht, Kaitlin; Dauner, Kim; Schultz, JenniferThis paper examines the relationship between national healthcare spending and select health outcomes in Morocco using data collected from 1995 to 2015. The data used was gathered from international organizations, including the World Health Organization and the World Bank, as well as from Moroccan Ministry of Health reports. The objective was to determine whether the country’s healthcare expenditures had a significant impact on the improvement of key population health outcomes. This study uses infant, child, and maternal mortality rate as measures of health outcomes. Additionally, the study uses data collected from the previously mentioned sources to evaluate the percentage change from year to year for Morocco’s healthcare expenditure per capita, as well as the selected health outcomes. These results were then cross analyzed to determine whether or not there was a correlation that was statistically significant. The results indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between the national health expenditure per capita and health outcomes in Morocco. To provide further context, and improve the application of my findings, the same methodology was used to examine the United States of America.Item Cultural meaning of color in healthcare environments: a symbolic interaction approach.(2010-05) Kwon, JainColor planning in today's healthcare environments is a challenge for interior designers due to the diverse occupants who may establish different meanings of environmental colors based on their backgrounds and life experiences. Researchers have shown the close relationship between color perception and patients' mental and/or emotional attitudes. Moreover, studies have shown that certain colors can affect some people as stressors while the same colors can be positive distractions to others. This exploratory qualitative study investigates the significance of culture in the ways people interpret and establish color meaning in healthcare environments. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Blumer's (1969; 2004) discussion on symbolic interaction between humans and environments. Specifically, the relationship between a role of `the self' and cultural influences was analyzed to investigate people's interpretation and establishment of color meaning in healthcare environments. A semi-structured interview questionnaire and a color palette instrument were developed and used to collect data from a sample of 13 female and 12 male Koreans living in Twin Cities, MN and ranging in age from 25 to 39. A research model based on the theoretical constructs of symbolic interaction--the self, objects, social interaction, and joint action--was used to formulate interview questions. Five color palettes were based on the five primary interior color combinations in the Korean tradition and used to assess the subjects' meaning assigned to color in the cultural context. The interview data were analyzed to determine the role of the constructs of symbolic interaction--the self, object, self-interaction, and social interaction--in Koreans' meaning establishment of color in healthcare environments. Findings include: 1) Color as an abstract object appeared to be related to self-interaction, and color as a physical object and a social object was related to social interaction; 2) the subjects' concepts of healthcare color were based on their personal experiences and cultural backgrounds. Care/warmness, stability, and vitality seemed to be established in the subjects' self-interaction, and hygiene status, comfort from familiarity, professionalism, and users' characteristics were established through the subjects' social interaction. The subjects did not seem to consider `healing' as a concept of healthcare color.Item Debating Health Care(2019-03-20) Ario, Joel; Benson, Michelle; Jacobs, LarryItem Designing to Increase Usability in Consumer Health Information: Providing Consumers with Information about Access and Financial Components of Care(2016-11) Long, SandraThe concept of improving health quality through consumer engagement is motivated by the growing cost of healthcare and allowing consumers to determine and control their own optimal care path. For consumers to utilize and engage with HIT, they must accept the design of the system. In this work, it is shown that a healthcare system designed to meet consumer’s needs, through reduced effort in accessing information, results in improved satisfaction and engagement. The healthcare system is an insurance call center that consumers use to find providers, understand payment for procedures, and get treatment decision support. It receives over 350,000 contacts per month and supports over 10 million consumers.Item Developing physician leaders as coaches: A case study(2015-07) Kang, Ji-YunToday's healthcare is faced with enormous challenges with the changes in healthcare policies that require delivering higher quality at a lower cost and at the same time with internal challenges of low tolerance for mistakes, complex nature of the industry, and multidisciplinary teams working together. As a consequence, the need to develop physician leaders to lead through these changes has become critical for the success of the organization. As part of leadership development efforts, an academic medical institution in the U.S. has identified coaching skills to be an important leadership skill to lead through the change. In order to create a coaching culture where leaders use coaching approach to develop staff through the change management, Leader as Coach training was given to group of high level physician and administrative leaders followed by matching the trained leaders as coaches with junior staff who are in the leadership pipeline. Case study was conducted to investigate the processes and challenges of developing physician leaders as coaches and the benefits of leaders engaging in coaching in the organization. Data collection was done through semi-structured interview of twelve physician leaders and documents of program evaluation as well as coachees' evaluation of the coaching engagements. Data analysis consisted of category (or theme) construction, sorting the data according to the categories constructed, and finally by making inferences about the relationships among the categories, developing a model that presents the visual representation of how the concepts or categories are related to one another. As a result, six themes were identified: understanding coaching and its philosophy, coaching as a leadership skill, coming together, coaching process and competencies, coaching challenges, and coaching outcomes. The study provided insights into the learning processes and challenges for physician leaders to be developed as coaches and indicated that increasing the internal coaching capabilities in health care organizations by developing physician leaders as coaches can have great impact in paving the way into many changes and challenges that are facing health care today. Coaching has been shown to be an effective way to operationalize approaches to leadership needed in time of uncertainly and complexity, and to enable continuous learning for the staff by constructing context-specific, tacit knowledge, leveraging the social capital and upholding the organizational values.Item Diagnosing Healthcare in America: The Impacts of Immigrants and Occupational Licensing(Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, 2013-12-04) Benson, Johann; Dworin, Jonathan; Garry, Thomas; Hicks, Jason; Schicker, Teresa; Victor, AndersItem Expanding Climate Mitigation in Healthcare: Investigating Top-Down Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Reduction in Minnesota Community Hospitals(2024-05-01) Sako, KristinHealthcare exists to protect and promote human health, yet is a contributor to climate change. There is a need for this sector to begin addressing their environmental impact, though accountability measures must ensure that existing burdens in healthcare are not exacerbated. Currently, any environmental action in healthcare is done on a voluntary basis. Healthcare, especially patient-centered care, faces unique challenges that must be confronted in order for them to join the climate movement. One major barrier is a lack of broader policies and regulations that can incentivize or coerce healthcare into addressing their greenhouse gas emissions. For this paper, I interviewed multiple stakeholder groups in Minnesota hospitals and supporting organizations in healthcare sustainability to investigate how hospitals would respond to greenhouse gas emission tracking and reporting requirements. In doing so, I analyze how the existing barriers, voluntary programs, and incentives have impacted the way hospitals engage in climate mitigation. The general lack of guidance and incentives have made it difficult for hospitals to engage in change management, which is necessary for climate action to be integrated into hospitals. Consequently, health systems and hospitals that have begun change management are much more likely to meet requirements on greenhouse gas emission reporting than those that have not yet started. I recommend multiple strategies and actions hospitals and external support organizations can take to help Minnesota hospitals begin change management and collectively become environmental stewards.Item Experiences of health information managers with 20+ years of experiences in the complex and ever-changing healthcare environment(2014-01) Valerius, Joanne DorothyThis hermeneutical study examined the lived experiences of health information managers with 20+ years of experience in the complex and ever-changing environment of healthcare. The purpose of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of credentialed health information managers with 20+ years of experience who have experienced moving from a paper-based medical record system to an electronic health record system. Eight credentialed health information managers were interviewed. They shared their experiences over the past 20+ years in the health information management profession. I conducted individual interviews of each participant. Four themes emerged and were emailed to the participants for verification. Four major themes were agreed upon: 1). Commitment to Data Quality, 2). Managing a Workforce in the Electronic Health Record environment, 3). Gender and Sexual Orientation Bias Experiences, and 4). Commitment to Collaboration. The knowledge gained in this study may help practitioners who are implementing electronic health record systems, other healthcare personnel who are implementing electronic health records, human resource development practitioners working in healthcare environments, and educators working with students in accredited health information management programs.Item Item How the role of socialization affects blended learning methodologies for faculty working with teams in a healthcare setting.(2010-07) Kenny, Kevin J.When looking at healthcare education settings, one barrier to understanding the nature of socialization and its effect on teaching methodology design is the advent of blended learning formats used within education departments. The author utilized qualitative research using grounded theory with deductive, verification and inductive processes to help determine how the role of socialization influence these methodologies. The intent of this study was to learn how socialization considerations affect blended learning methodologies and formats for faculty working with teams in a healthcare setting. The research included analysis of case studies derived from interviews of a medical school educator, graduate school faculty member, clinical laboratory educator and professional developer working at Mayo Clinic and the University of Minnesota. Interviewees were key members in each of their respective areas and had varying levels of background using blended learning formats for groups/teams in their courses. The primary question posed to the interviewees was: how does the role of socialization affect blended learning methodologies for faculty working with teams in a healthcare setting? The author utilized NVivo software to code transcripts and to help with analyzing interviews and other data. Additionally, triangulation of the raw data was used with other researchers experienced in qualitative research. Results of the study are continually forthcoming but themes emerged centered around methodologies fostering three attributes of socialization for groups in healthcare classes: development of mutual respect in the blended format, developing a common ground for students, and understanding a student's purpose or vested interest in the group and class. Additionally, the study suggested the need for faculty awareness when designing blended learning formats to include methodology that bridges learning content with service aspects which are important in developing healthcare workers. Experienced faculty members/physicians/professional developers feel that with the large of amount of content available online, a sense of entitlement may occur with students who do not feel a need to build the socialization aspect of learning. This may shape long-term development of healthcare workers relative to patient care and overall quality. Implications of the study suggest the need for faculty development and organizational support that focuses on helping experienced healthcare teachers understand the socialization aspects of effective blended learning course design. Faculty working with groups in blended learning need to build confidence and skill levels when deciding the right balance of social interaction and technology use for the particular outcomes they are looking for in their courses.Item The Influence of Acute Stress on the Perception of Robot Emotional Body Language: Implications for Robot Design in Healthcare and Other High-Risk Domains(2017-07) Thimmesch-Gill, ZaneIn coming years, emotionally expressive social robots will permeate many facets of our lives. Yet, although researchers have explored robot design parameters that may facilitate human-robot interaction, remarkably little attention has been paid to the human perceptual and other psychological factors that may impact human ability to engage with robots. In high-risk settings, such as healthcare—where the use of robots is expected to increase markedly—it is paramount to understand the influence of a patient’s stress level, temperament, and attitudes towards robots as negative interactions could harm a patient’s experience and hinder recovery. Using a novel between-subject paradigm, we investigated how the experimental induction of acute physiological and cognitive stress versus low stress influences perception of normed robot emotional body language as conveyed by a physically-present versus virtual reality generated robot. Following high or low stress induction, participants were asked to rate the valence (negative/unhappy to positive/happy) and level of arousal (calm/relaxed to animated/excited) conveyed by poses in five emotional categories: negative valence-high arousal, negative valence-low arousal, neutral, positive valence-low arousal, positive valence-high arousal. Poses from the categories were randomly intermixed and each pose was presented two or three times. Ratings were then correlated with temperament (as assessed by the Adult Temperament Questionnaire), attitudes towards and experience with robots (a new questionnaire that included measures from the Godspeed Scales and Negative Attitudes about Robots Survey), and chronic stress. The acute stress induction especially influenced the evaluation of high arousal poses – both negative and positive – with both valence and arousal rated lower under high than low stress. Repeated presentation impacted perception of low arousal (negative and positive) and neutral poses, with increases in perceived valence and arousal for later presentations. There were also effects of robot type specifically for positively-valenced emotions, such that these poses were rated as more positive for the physically-present than virtually-instantiated robot. Temperament was found to relate to emotional robot body language. Trait positive affect was associated with higher valence ratings for positive and neutral poses. Trait negative affect was correlated with higher arousal ratings for negative valence-low arousal poses. Subcategories within the robot attitudes questionnaire were correlated with emotional robot poses and temperament. To our knowledge this dissertation is the first exploration of the effects of acute and chronic stress on human perception of robot emotional body language, with implications for robot design, both physical and virtual. Given the largely parallel findings that we observed for the poses presented by the physically-present versus virtually-instantiated robot, it is proposed that the use of virtual reality may provide a viable "sandbox" tool for more efficiently and thoroughly experimenting with possible robot designs, and variants in their emotional expressiveness. Broader psychological, physiological, and other factors that designers should consider as they create robots for high-risk applications are also discussed.Item Leading on Health Care: A Dialogue on Adaptive Leadership with Ron Heifetz(2008-03-26) Jacobs, Lawrence R.Item Making Insurers Accountable: The Case for a Public Option in Health Reform(2009-10-28) Jacobs, Lawrence R.Item Market-Based Reforms in Health Care: The Next Step?(2008-12-09) Jacobs, Lawrence R.Item Medicare for All: Medical bills and middle class struggles(2019-12-10) Levey, Noam; Jacobs, Lawrence R.