Browsing by Author "Smith, K.P."

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    Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci associated with morphological and agronomic trait differences in a wild by cultivated barley cross
    (Genome, 2007) Steffenson, Brian; Gyenis, L.; Yun, S.J.; Smith, K.P.; Bossolini, E.; Sanguineti, M.C.; Muehlbauer, G.J.
    Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum is the progenitor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Domestication combined with plant breeding has led to the morphological and agronomic characteristics of modern barley cultivars. The objective of this study was to map the genetic factors that morphologically and agronomically differentiate wild barley from modern barley cultivars. To address this objective, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with plant height, flag leaf width, spike length, spike width, glume length in relation to seed length, awn length, fragility of ear rachis, endosperm width and groove depth, heading date, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, and kernel color in a Harrington/OUH602 advanced backcross (BC2F8) population. This population was genotyped with 113 simple sequence repeat markers. Thirty QTLs were identified, of which 16 were newly identified in this study. One to 4 QTLs were identified for each of the traits except glume length, for which no QTL was detected. The portion of phenotypic variation accounted for by individual QTLs ranged from about 9% to 54%. For traits with more than one QTL, the phenotypic variation explained ranged from 25% to 71%. Taken together, our results reveal the genetic architecture of morphological and agronomic traits that differentiate wild from cultivated barley.
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    Quantitative trait loci for multiple disease resistance in wild barley
    (Crop Science, 2005) Steffenson, Brian; Yun, S.J.; Gyenis, L.; Hayes, P.M.; Matus, I.; Smith, K.P.; Muehlbauer, G.J.
    Foliar diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) such as spot blotch [caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur], net type net blotch (NTNB; caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs), Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB; caused by Septoria passerinii Sacc.), leaf scald [caused by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J. J. Davis], and powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal) can result in significant yield reductions in many production areas. The wild progenitor of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum is well known as a rich source of disease resistance. To determine the location of H. vulgare subsp, spontaneum-derived alleles for disease resistance, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the resistant H. vulgare subsp, spontaneum accession OUH602 and the two-rowed malting cultivar Harrington. A total of 151 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were mapped into 11 linkage groups, covering 948 cM. Major QTLs for resistance to each disease were identified: one for spot blotch resistance on chromosome 1(7H); three for NTNB resistance on chromosomes 3(3H), 4(4H), and 5(1H); two for SSLB resistance on chromosomes 2(2H) and 6(6H); one for leaf scald resistance on chromosome 5(1H); and two for powdery mildew resistance on chromosomes 4(4H) and 5(1H). Resistance alleles for each QTL were contributed by OUH602, except those for NTNB and powdery mildew resistance on chromosome 5(1H) and chromosome 4(4H), respectively. The two QTLs identified for SSLB resistance are novel. All other QTLs mapped to regions where known resistance QTLs or major resistance genes have been reported. Our results indicate that most of the OUH602-derived loci are clustered in regions coincident with those described in cultivated barley. These resistance QTLs and their associated markers should be valuable for further exploitation of disease resistance variation in barley improvement.
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    Registration of ‘Quest’ spring malting barley with improved resistance to Fusarium head blight
    (Journal of Plant Registrations, 2013-01-25) Steffenson, Brian; Smith, K.P.; Budde, A.; Dill-Macky, R.; Rasmusson, D.C.; Schiefelbein, E.; Wiersma, J.J.; Wiersma, J.V.; Zhang, B.
    ‘Quest’ (Reg No. CV-348, PI 663183) is a spring, six-rowed, malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2010 on the basis of its improved resistance to Fusarium head blight [FHB; caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch]. Quest was developed over three breeding cycles of selection for yield, malting quality, and FHB resistance. Disease resistance traces to the Midwest cultivar MNBrite and the two-rowed accession from China Zhedar1. Quest has about half the level of disease and about 40% less of the associated mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, compared to the historically important cultivar in the region ‘Robust’. Quest is similar in yield to the current dominant varieties in the region and was approved as a malting variety by the American Malting Barley Association.
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    Registration of ‘Rasmusson’ barley
    (Journal of Plant Registrations, 2010-09) Steffenson, Brian; Smith, K.P.; Rasmusson, D.C.; Schiefelbein, E.; Wiersma, J.J.; Wiersma, J.V.; Budde, A.; Dill-Macky, R.
    ‘Rasmusson’ (Reg. No. CV-345, PI 658495) is a spring, six-rowed, malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2008. It was named after Donald Rasmusson, who worked as a barley breeder at the University of Minnesota from 1958 to 2000. Rasmusson has the pedigree M95/‘Lacey’ and is the product of advanced cycle breeding derived from crosses among elite breeding lines within the University of Minnesota breeding program. Rasmusson was released based on its superior yield performance across the Upper Midwest of the United States and surrounding regions in Canada and favorable malting quality, in particular, high malt extract. Rasmusson is resistant to spot blotch [caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur] and the prevalent races of stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn).