Browsing by Author "Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)"
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Item A Bi-Level Model for State and County Aquatic Invasive Species Prevention Decisions, Minnesota, 2022(2022-03-04) Haight, Robert, G.; Yemshanov, Denys; Kao, Szu-Yu; Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; Kinsley, Amy, C; robert.haight@usda.gov; Haight, Robert, G.; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC); University of Minnesota, School of Public Health; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN, USAThese data contain a bi-level model for determining how a state planner can efficiently allocate inspection resources to county managers, who independently decide where to locate inspection stations. We apply the model to a hypothetical allocation problem for the state of Minnesota. The model includes the infestation status of 9,182 lakes, of which 471 are infested with zebra mussel, starry stonewort, or Eurasian watermilfoil, and estimates of annual numbers of high-risk boat movements from infested to uninfested lakes.Item Carp Edema Virus Host Range Study in Lake Swartout and Outbreaks in four other lakes(2021-03-02) Tolo, Isaiah; Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; tolo0007@umn.edu; Phelps, Nicholas; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Mass mortality events of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, carp) associated with carp edema virus (CEV) alone or in coinfections with koi herpesvirus (KHV), is an emerging issue. Despite recent outbreaks of CEV in wild carp populations, the host range of North American species has not been well studied. To that end, we intensively sampled carp (n = 106) and co-habiting native fish species (n = 5 species; n = 156 total fish) from a CEV-suspect mass-mortality event of carp in a small Minnesota lake (Lake Swartout). Additionally, fecal and regurgitant samples (n = 73 each) from double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus, DCCO) were sampled to test the potential of DCCO to act as a vector for virus transmission. CEV was confirmed to be widespread in the Lake Swartout carp population during the outbreak with high viral loads and histological confirmation, suggesting that CEV was the cause of the mortality event. There were no detections of CEV in any native fish species; however, DCCO regurgitant and fecal samples were positive for CEV DNA. In addition, three CEV-positive and one CEV+KHV-positive mortality events were confirmed with no observed mortality or morbidity of non-carp species in other lakes. This study provides evidence that CEV infection and disease may be specific to carp during mortality events with mixed-species populations, identifies DCCO as a potential vector for CEV, and further expands the known range of CEV, as well as coinfections with KHV, in North America.Item CFD-AB User Manual for simulation of fish swimming through navigation dams(2019-11-27) Gilmanov, Anvar; agilmano@umn.eu; Gimanov, Anvar; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) and Agent-Based (AB) Code initially developed by Dan Zielinski (Zielinski, et al., 2018) and further improved by Anvar Gilmanov (Gilmanov, et al., 2019) are presented in this documentation. The solution of 3D fluid equations obtained by ANSYS-FLUENT is not considered here. We will focus on AB-Code with a description of how to simulate fish swimming in the given fluid environmental. Description of the algorithm, computational input parameters, source code in Fortran and examples on fish swimming simulations through Lock and Dam #2 at the Mississippi River are presented.Item Complete Data and Analysis for: Constraining invader dominance: Effects of repeated herbicidal management and environmental factors on curlyleaf pondweed dynamics in 50 Minnesota lakes(2020-01-08) Verhoeven, Michael R; Larkin, Daniel J; Newman, Raymond M; michael.verhoeven.mrv@gmail.com; Verhoeven, Michael R; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) is one of the most widespread and widely managed aquatic invasive plants in North America. Despite decades of management, the efficacy of long-term management strategies and the effects of environmental drivers on curlyleaf pondweed populations remain uncertain. To evaluate the effects of management and environmental factors on within-lake distribution and local density of curlyleaf pondweed, we collated monitoring data from aquatic plant point-intercept surveys collected by a variety of lake managers across Minnesota, USA. The goal of the study was to examine the influence of herbicide treatment, water clarity, snow depth, and ice cover duration on curlyleaf pondweed distribution and density between 2006 and 2015. The data included in this repository includes the complete dataset as a comma-separated-value file and all Program R code necessary to replicate the data processing, analysis, and visualizations used in the study.Item Complete Data and Analysis for: Effects of seed traits and dormancy break treatments on germination of four aquatic plant species(2023-06-29) Verhoeven, Michael R; Bacon, Jonah A; Larkin, Daniel J; michael.verhoeven.mrv@gmail.com; Verhoeven, Michael; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)This repository contains the raw data and code necessary to conduct the analyses in the companion paper.Item Complete Data and Analysis for: Niche models differentiate potential impacts of two aquatic invasive plant species on native macrophytes(2021-01-22) Verhoeven, Michael R.; Glisson, Wesley J.; Larkin, Daniel J.; michael.verhoeven.mrv@gmail.com; Verhoeven, Michael R; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)The goal of our study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which two invasive aquatic plant species (Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton crispus) interact with native plant communities in lakes in Minnesota, USA. We used an observational dataset of aquatic plant occurrences—and associated light availability, depth, and temperature—to construct probabilistic models of the ecological niches of 34 aquatic plant species. We then compared shared-ness of these niches between the two invasive aquatic plants and 32 native species to infer the degree of direct competitive interaction. This repository contains the complete dataset as a comma-separated-value file and Program R code necessary to replicate the data prep, exploration, analysis, and visualizations presented in the manuscript.Item Complete data and code to generate datasets in: Occurrence and environmental data for aquatic plants of Minnesota from 1999-2018(2024-07-15) Verhoeven, Michael; Larkin, Daniel J.; michael.verhoeven.mrv@gmail.com; Verhoeven, Michael; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC); Fisheries Systems Ecology LabA dataset (and multi-scale aggregations thereof) of point-level occurrences, relative abundances, and associated environmental data for macrophytes (freshwater plants) across Minnesota. The data encompass 3,194 surveys of 1,520 lakes and ponds performed over a 19-year timespan. A total of 372,091 points were sampled, across which 231 taxa were recorded. Macrophyte occurrence data and depth, as well as point-level relative-plant-abundance measures for a subset of surveys, were collated, cleaned, and joined to geospatial data and Secchi-depth measurements of water clarity, enabling light availability, a primary control on aquatic plant growth, to be estimated.Item Complete data for Overwinter survival of Corbicula fluminea in a central Minnesota lake(2021-11-01) Weber, Megan M; Cibulka, Daniel; mmweber@umn.edu; Weber, Megan M; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Corbicula fluminea is regarded as one of the most pervasive freshwater aquatic invasive species in the world. It has been widely cited to have a lower lethal temperature threshold of 2 degrees Celcius, which suggests the species would be unable to survive in Minnesota outside of areas of thermal refuge from sources such as power plant, water treatment facility, and other raw water user effluent). In August 2020 a volunteer participating in Starry Trek, an aquatic invasive species early detection event, recovered live C. fluminea from an inland Minnesota lake with no known thermal refuge (Briggs Lake, Sherburne County). This data set documents the distribution, overwinter survival, and size class structure of the population in Briggs Lake and observational data at a nearby lake (Big Lake, Sherburne County) where additional clams were discovered by a volunteer towards the end of the Briggs Lake project timeline. The data from this study are available here for public use.Item Complete Data for: Desiccation tolerance of the invasive alga starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) as an indicator of overland spread risk(2021-10-13) Glisson, Wesley J.; Wagner, Carli K.; Verhoeven, Michael R.; Muthukrishnan, Ranjan; Contreras-Rangel, Rafael; Larkin, Daniel J.; wjglisson@gmail.com; Glisson, Wesley, J; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)The ability of invasive macrophytes to survive out of water, i.e., their desiccation tolerance, is an important indicator of capacity for spread to new waterbodies through overland transport. Invasion by the alga starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa [Desv. in Loisel.] J. Groves; Characeae) in North America is likely driven via overland transport, but little is known regarding its ability to remain viable out of water. We conducted laboratory and outdoor experiments to evaluate desiccation tolerance of N. obtusa propagules, including single stem fragments, small and large clumps of fragments, and bulbils (asexual reproductive structures). Propagules were removed from water after 15 min to 5 d to identify desiccation thresholds. The data from these experiments are documented and available here for public availability and use.Item Complete Data for: Laboratory evaluation of copper-based algaecides for control of the invasive macroalga starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa)(2022-05-23) Glisson, Wesley J; Contreras-Rangel, Rafael; Bishop, West M; Larkin, Daniel J; wjglisson@gmail.com; Glisson, Wesley J; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Nitellopsis obtusa ([Desvaux] J. Groves [1919]; Characeae), known as starry stonewort, is an invasive macroalga in Laurentian Great Lakes states and provinces in North America. Because of its potential negative impacts on native ecosystems and recreation, N. obtusa has become a high-priority target for management. However, there is a critical lack of foundational information on the efficacy of different algaecides, and concentrations thereof, for N. obtusa control. Additionally, control of N. obtusa bulbils—asexual reproductive structures that are the main pathway for the establishment of new plants—has proven difficult. We tested the efficacy of six commonly used copper-based algaecides, at a series of copper concentrations up to the maximum labeled rate, on N. obtusa thalli (photosynthetic aboveground tissues) and bulbils in controlled laboratory experiments. Bulbils were placed above and below sediment in separate experiments to evaluate whether sediment acted as a barrier to treatment. The data from these experiments are provided and documented here.Item Data and R code for analysis of walleye and yellow perch age-0 length in Minnesota's Large Lakes(2019-12-10) Hansen, Gretchen J A; Bethke, Bethany J; Ahrenstorff, Tyler D; Dumke, Josh; Hirsch, Jodie; Kovalenko, Katya E; LeDuc, Jaime F; Maki, Ryan P; Rantala, Heidi M; ghansen@umn.edu; Hansen, Gretchen; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Invasive species represent a threat to aquatic ecosystems globally; however, impacts can be heterogenous across systems. Documented impacts of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and spiny water fleas (Bythotrephes cedarstroemi; hereafter Bythotrephes) on native fishes are variable and context dependent across locations and time periods. Here, we use a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of a 35-year dataset on two fish species from 9 lakes to demonstrate that early life growth of ecologically important fishes are influenced by these aquatic invasive species. Walleye (Sander vitreus) grew more slowly throughout their first year of life, and were on average 12 or 14% smaller at the end of their first summer following invasion by Bythotrephes or zebra mussels, respectively. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) growth was less affected by invasion. Yellow perch on average grew more slowly in their first year of life following invasion by zebra mussels, although this effect was not statistically distinguishable from zero. Early life growth of both walleye and yellow perch was less tightly coupled to degree days in invaded systems, as demonstrated by increased variance surrounding the degree day-length relationship. Smaller first-year size is related to walleye survival and recruitment to later life stages and has important implications for lake food webs and fisheries management. Future research quantifying effects of zebra mussels and Bythotrephes on other population-level processes and across a wider gradient of lake types is needed to understand the mechanisms driving observed changes in walleye growth.Item Data and R code to support: Estimating densities of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in early invasions using distance sampling(2019-01-18) Ferguson, Jake M; Fieberg, John R; McCartney, Michael A.; Blinick, Naomi S.; Schroeder, Leslie; jakeferg@umn.edu; Ferguson, Jake M; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)These files are the data and code needed to reproduce the analysis of the manuscript "Estimating densities of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in early invasions using distance sampling". The data include spatial coordinates of transects used to survey for zebra mussels in Lake Sylvia and Lake Burgan in the summer of 2017, the counts of zebra mussels on each transect, and environmental covariates collected along transects and at each detection. We also provide the R code needed to process and analyze these data following the distance survey approach described in the manuscript. We provide code for a straightforward distance survey, which doesn't include any spatial covariate information, as well as a more computationally intensive analysis that does include spatial covariates.Item Data and R-code for: “Integrating DNA fingerprinting of invasive watermilfoil strains into aquatic vegetation monitoring and assessment”(2024-06-06) Gannon, Kathryn A; Newman, Raymond M; Thum, Ryan A; newma004@umn.edu; Newman, Raymond M; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) hybridizes with native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov). Previous genetic studies have identified numerous distinct Eurasian and hybrid strains that can differ in their invasiveness (e.g., growth and potential for spread) and response to herbicides. To identify problematic or invasive strains of watermilfoil we assessed the response of different watermilfoil strains to aquatic vegetation management in eight Minnesota lakes over the course of 3 yr. Specifically, we looked for changes in strain composition of watermilfoil populations over time to identify strains of specific interest for further characterization of growth and herbicide response. Eurasian watermilfoil was collected from point intercept surveys (125 to 230 points at each waterbody) before and after herbicide treatments and generally twice per year over 3 years. Plants were idented to genotype using microsatellite markers and changes in genotype occurrence and frequency were assess for changes over time and in response to treatment. Additional details and methods are presented in Gannon et al. 2022.Item Data for A small native predator reduces reproductive success of a large invasive fish as revealed by whole-lake experiments(2022-01-10) Poole, Joshua R; Bajer, Przemyslaw G; bajer003@umn.edu; Bajer, Przemyslaw; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)The extent to which native fish communities might control the success of invasive fish has been of interest to ecologists, but it has been rarely addressed using experiments. We conducted an experiment in six small lakes in the Upper Mississippi Region to test the effects of a small native predator, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) on the recruitment of a large, invasive fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Bluegills are predominant throughout the region and were previously shown to consume carp eggs and larvae. We stocked both lakes at each of our 3 sites with adult carp (spawners) and one lake at each site with bluegills. We repeated the experiment at two of the three sites for two consecutive years. In each lake we assessed the abundance of post-larval carp one month after spawning (backpack electrofishing surveys) and at the end of the season (mark-recapture). For each site/year combination, catch rate of post-larval carp was typically an order of magnitude higher in control than bluegill lakes, but it often declined quickly over time. The abundance of end-of-seasonal juveniles was significantly higher (no 95% CI overlap) in control lakes than in bluegill lakes, except for one pair of lakes during one year when both the control and bluegill lake had similar, low abundance of end-of-season carp. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that common carp recruitment is substantially reduced in habitats dominated by bluegills. We also suggest our results may be applicable to other species, and that managers should explore how predation on early life stages may control other invasive species.Item Data for Evaluation of a broadband sound projected from the gates of a navigation lock in the Mississippi River shows it to be a weak deterrent for common carp and unable to block passage(2022-01-19) Riesgraf, Andrew T.; Finger, Jean S.; Zielinski, Daniel P.; Dennis III, Clark E.; Whitty, Jeff M.; Sorensen, Peter W.; soren003@umn.edu; Sorensen, Peter W.; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)There is an urgent need to block the passage of carp and other invasive fishes through navigational locks in large rivers. Although the broadband sound of an outboard motor has been shown to strongly repel three species of carp in laboratory flumes and to a lesser extent inside of a lock chamber, it has not yet been tested to see if it can stop carp from entering a lock. To test this possibility, we attached speakers to lock gates and played the sound of an outboard motor while measuring its efficacy by tracking free-ranging transplanted tagged common carp in its vicinity. Eight groups of 20 carp were tested while the sound system was turned on and off for 2 week periods. When the sound system was on, these carp spent approximately one-third less time in front of the gates than when it was off which when modeled by GLMM was shown to no greater than the effects of river discharge or temperature. Further, there was no indication that this sound blocked carp from entering and presumably passing through the lock. However, the number of times that tagged carp entered the lock was low even when the sound was off. A number of factors may have contributed to the limited efficacy of this deterrent system including the sound itself.Item Data for Open water dreissenid mussel control projects: lessons learned from a retrospective analysis(2022-08-15) Dahlberg, Angelique, D.; Waller, Diane, L.; Hammond, David; Lund, Keegan; Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; edge0023@umn.edu; Dahlberg, Angelique, D.; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Dreissenid mussels are one of the most problematic aquatic invasive species (AIS) in North America, causing significant ecological and economic impacts in waterbodies where established. To date, dreissenid mussel control efforts in open water have included physical, biological, and chemical methods. The feasibility of successfully managing or even eradicating dreissenid mussels in lakes is relatively undocumented and unstudied in freshwater management literature. Additionally, control efforts are sometimes stymied by perceptions that the impacts to nontarget species will be unacceptable. The published literature evaluating both these two aspects is limited. Here, we present information on 33 open water dreissenid mussel control projects in 23 lakes across North America. Projects were categorized as rapid response eradication (n=16), established population eradication (n=8), suppression (n=3), or research (n=6).Item Data for: "Effect of light on macrophyte sprouting and assessment of viable seedbank to predict community composition"(2022-02-22) Dunne, Melaney A; Newman, Raymond M; Newma004@umn.edu; Newman, Raymond M.; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)These are data from the paper: “Effect of light on macrophyte sprouting and assessment of viable seedbank to predict community composition” Sediments cores from each lake were pooled and homogenized and placed in trays with controlled lighting and temperature. Germination was determined for low light conditions (low water clarity), higher light conditions (high water clarity) and a treatment with gibberellic acid to induce germination and sprouting (maximum emergence – called maximum germination in the JAPM publication). Trays were examined weekly for newly sprouted plants that were identified to species and enumerated.Item Data from: Tests in a semi-natural environment suggest that bait and switch strategy could be used to control invasive Common Carp(2020-07-10) Hundt, Peter J; Amberg, Jon; Sauey, Blake; Vacura, Kristen; Bajer, Przemyslaw G; hundt002@umn.edu; Hundt, Peter J; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758), is a highly invasive species that has had profound effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Many Carp management methods have been applied including physical removal, pesticide treatments of whole lakes, and water drawdowns. Herein, we tested key elements of a potential “bait and switch” approach in which corn could be used to induce feeding aggregations of Carp and then switched for corn pellets with a pesticide Antimycin-A (ANT-A) to selectively target the Carp. First, laboratory experiments were used to determine if addition of lethal concentrations of ANT-A to corn pellets deterred Carp from eating corn-based food pellets. Second, a pond experiment tested if a corn-based bait containing ANT-A functioned as a species-specific Carp management tool in a semi-natural environment with three common native fishes: White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii Lacepède, 1803), Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens, Mitchill, 1814), and Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819). The use of baited sites by Carp and native species was monitored using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Mortality of each species and presence of corn in their digestive tracts was also monitored.Item Data in support of Quantifying the effectiveness of three aquatic invasive species prevention methods(2023-05-04) Angell, Nichole R; Campbell, Tim; Brady, Valerie; Bajcz, Alex; Kinsley, Amy; Doll, Adam; Dumke, Josh; Keller, Reuben; Phelps, Nicholas BD; nangell@glc.org; Angell, Nichole R; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)Efforts to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) have been widely implemented at many scales to mitigate economic and environmental harms. Boater education, watercraft inspection, and hot water decontamination are popular strategies for prevention of AIS moving through the recreational boating pathway. However, few studies have actually quantified the effectiveness of these strategies under field conditions. We estimated their effectiveness based on the performances of boaters, watercraft inspectors, and hot water decontaminators. Participants (n=144) were recruited at 56 public water access sites in Minnesota and 1 in Wisconsin. Each participant was asked to inspect and remove AIS from a boat staged with macrophytes, dead zebra mussels, and spiny water fleas. The types and amounts of AIS removed were used to estimate the effectiveness of each prevention method. We observed that removal varied by type of AIS, with macrophytes being most commonly removed for all participants. There were also regional (metro and outstate) differences for some species perhaps due to awareness and education. Hot water decontamination was the most effective (83.7%) intervention but was not significantly better at reducing risk of spread than was watercraft inspection (79.2%). Boaters were less effective at AIS removal (56.4%). Our results suggest that watercraft inspection is an effective prevention method for most boats, and that hot water decontamination is an important tool for high-risk boats. However, robust decontamination protocols are difficult to effectively execute. Furthermore, our results provide insights into how to increase boater awareness of often-overlooked locations and help reduce risk when inspectors cannot be present at a public water access site.Item Data in support of: AIS Explorer: Intervention Impact - An application for planning cost-effective AIS prevention programs(2024-01-22) Angell, Nichole R; Bajcz, Alex; Kinsley, Amy; Keller, Reuben; Phelps, Nicholas B. D.; nangell@glc.org; Angell, Nichole R.; Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC)The movement of aquatic invasive species (AIS) between waterbodies is often facilitated by overland transport on recreational boats. Once established, AIS can have detrimental ecological effects that are difficult or impossible to manage. Prevention is the most cost-effective AIS intervention strategy, with many management agencies focused on implementing spread prevention techniques such as boater education, watercraft inspection, and hot water decontamination. Given resource constraints, deciding which spread prevention techniques to implement and where to place them is a decision fraught with uncertainty. In this study, we collected data for, developed, and tested a new application entitled “Intervention Impact” for the AIS Explorer, an online AIS program-planning dashboard (www.aisexplorer.umn.edu). The application assists AIS managers by simulating scenarios derived from user-defined lake-level budgets, effort, and effectiveness of interventions, enabling them to make comparisons. The outputs provide estimates for risk reduction and infestations averted for both zebra mussel and starry stonewort in Minnesota lakes. We demonstrate the utility of this application using the conditions of Cass County, Minnesota, USA as a case study. Our simulation outputs highlight the tradeoffs of each prevention strategy applied given budget constraints and demonstrate that value of a data-driven approach to guide the implementation of cost-effective prevention plans.