Browsing by Author "Gulanick, Nancy A."
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Item The feasibility of informed pretests in attenuating response-shift bias(1979) Howard, George S.; Dailey, Patrick R.; Gulanick, Nancy A.Response-shift bias has been shown to contaminate self-reported pretest/posttest evaluations of various interventions. To eliminate the detrimental effects of response shifts, retrospective measures have been employed as substitutes for the traditional self-reported pretest. Informed pretests, wherein subjects are provided information about the construct being measured prior to completing the pretest self-report, are considered in the present studies as an alternative method to retrospective pretests in reducing response-shift effects. In Study 1 subjects were given a 20-minute presentation on assertiveness, which failed to significantly improve the accuracy of self-reported assertiveness. Other procedural influences hypothesized to improve self-report accuracy-previous experience with the objective measure of assertiveness and previous completion of the self-report measure-also were not related to increased self-report accuracy. In a second study, information about interviewing skills was provided at pretest using behaviorally anchored rating scales to participants in a workshop on interviewing skills. Response-shift bias was not attenuated by providing subjects with information about interviewing prior to the intervention. Change measures which employed retrospective pretest measures demonstrated somewhat higher (although nonsignificant) validity coefficients than measures of change utilizing informed pretest data.Item Internal invalidity in pretest-posttest self-report evaluations and a re-evaluation of retrospective pretests.(1979) Howard, George S.; Ralph, Kenneth M.; Gulanick, Nancy A.; Maxwell, Scott E.; Nance, Don W.; Gerber, Sterling K.True experimental designs (Designs 4, 5, and 6 of Campbell & Stanley, 1963) are thought to provide internally valid results. This paper describes five studies involving the evaluation of various treatment interventions and identifies a source of internal invalidity when self-report measures are used in a Pretest-Posttest manner. An alternative approach (Retrospective Pretest-Posttest design) to measuring change is suggested, and data comparing its accuracy with the traditional Pretest-Posttest design in measuring treatment effects is presented. Finally, the implications of these findings for evaluation research using self-report instruments and the strengths and limitations of retrospective measures are discussed.Item Some psychometric properties of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory(1978) Moreland, John R.; Gulanick, Nancy A.; Montague, Eileen K.; Harren, Vincent A.In Study I responses to the 60 BSRI items from 580 college students were factor analyzed. Four factors were rotated to the Varimax criterion and labeled Emotional Expressiveness, Instrumental Activity, Sex of Subject, and Social Immaturity. These factors were virtually identical to those found earlier by Gaudreau (1977). In Study II, another sample of 600 college students was employed to compare the internal consistency of the three BSRI original scales with that of the four factor scales derived from Study I. Even with their shorter length, the factor scales were more internally consistent than those originally constructed by Bem. Some logical problems in the labeling of the scales in the BSRI are discussed.