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Browsing by Author "Bailey, Jake V."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Fluoride and Gallein Inhibit Polyphosphate Accumulation by Oral Pathogen Rothia dentocariosa - Data Sharing Archive
    (2023-01-25) Kumar, Dhiraj; Mandal, Subhrangshu; Bailey, Jake V.; Flood, Beverly E.; Jones, Robert S.; rsjones@umn.edu; Jones, Robert, S; Earth and Environmental Science; School of Dentistry
    This raw data set supports publication found in Letters in Applied Microbiology: The uptake and storage of extracellular orthophosphate (Pi) by polyphosphate (polyP) accumulating bacteria may contribute to mineral dissolution in the oral cavity. To test the effect of potential inhibitors of polyP kinases on Rothia dentocariosa, gallein (0, 25, 50, 100 µM) and fluoride (0, 50, 100 ppm) were added to R. dentocariosa cultures grown in brain heart infusion broth. At late log growth phase (8h), extracellular Pi was measured using an ascorbic acid assay, and polyP was isolated from bacterial cells treated with RNA/DNAases using a neutral phenol/chloroform extraction. Extracts were hydrolyzed and quantified as above. Gallein and fluoride had minor effects on bacterial growth with NaF having a direct effect on media pH. Gallein (≥25 µM) and fluoride (≥50 ppm) attenuated the bacterial drawdown of extracellular Pi 56.7% (p <0.05) and 37.3% (p <0.01). There was a corresponding polyP synthesis decrease of 73.2% (p<0.0001) from gallein and 83.1% (p<0.0001) from fluoride. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy validated the presence of polyP and its reduced concentration in R. dentocariosa bacterial cells following gallein and fluoride treatment. R. dentocariosa can directly change extracellular Pi and accumulate intracellular polyP but the mechanism is attenuated by gallein and NaF.
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    Giant sulfur bacteria (Beggiatoaceae) from sediments below the Benguela Upwelling System the host diverse microbiomes
    (2021-03-08) Flood, Beverly E.; Bailey, Jake V.; beflood@umn.edu; Flood, Beverly, E.; University of Minnesota Bailey Geobiology Research Lab
    Due to their lithotrophic metabolisms, morphological complexity and conspicuous appearance, members of the Beggiatoaceae have been extensively studied for more than 100 years. These bacteria are known to be primarily sulfur-oxidizing autotrophs that commonly occur in dense mats at redox interfaces. Their large size and the presence of a mucous sheath allows these cells to serve as sites of attachment for communities of other microorganisms. But little is known about their individual niche preferences and attached microbiomes, particularly in marine environments, due to a paucity of cultivars and their prevalence in habitats that are difficult to access and study. Therefore, in this study, we compare Beggiatoaceae strain composition, community composition, and geochemical profiles collected from sulfidic sediments at four marine stations off the coast of Namibia. To elucidate community members that were directly attached and enriched in both filamentous Beggiatoaceae, namely Ca. Marithioploca spp. and Ca. Maribeggiatoa spp., and non-filamentous Beggiatoaceae, Ca. Thiomargarita spp., the two morphotypes were rinsed of sediment debris and pooled by morphotype for iTag sequencing. The Beggiatoaceae samples collected from a highly sulfidic site were enriched in strains of sulfur-oxidizing Campylobacterota, who may promote a more hospitable setting for the Beggiatoaceae who are known to have a lower tolerance for sulfide to oxygen ratios. Otherwise, specific Beggiatoaceae niche preferences were not elucidated by the methods employed in this study. We found just a few host-specific associations with the motile filamentous morphotypes. On the contrary, we detected 123 host specific enrichments with non-motile chain forming Beggiatoaceae. Potential metabolisms of the enriched strains include fermentation of host sheath, syntrophic exchange of H2 and acetate, inorganic sulfur metabolism, and nitrite oxidation. Surprisingly, we did not detect any enrichments of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria as previously suggested and postulate that less well-studied anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathways may be occurring instead.
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    Sulfur bacteria promote dissolution of authigenic carbonates at marine methane seeps
    (2021-01-27) Leprich, Dalton J.; Flood, Beverly E.; Schroedl, Peter R.; Ricci, Elizabeth; Marlow, Jeffery J.; Girguis, Peter R.; Bailey, Jake V.; beflood@umn.edu; Flood, Beverly E.; University of Minnesota Bailey Geobiology Lab
    Carbonate rocks at marine methane seeps are commonly colonized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that co-occur with etch pits that suggest active dissolution. We show that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are abundant on the surface of an exemplar seep carbonate collected from Del Mar East Methane Seep Field, USA. We then used bioreactors containing aragonite mineral coupons that simulate certain seep conditions to investigate plausible in situ rates of carbonate dissolution associated with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Bioreactors inoculated with a sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, Celeribacter baekdonensis LH4, growing on aragonite coupons induced dissolution rates in sulfidic, heterotrophic, and abiotic conditions of 1773.97 (±324.35), 152.81 (±123.27), and 272.99 (±249.96) Mol CaCO3  cm-2  yr-1, respectively. Steep gradients in pH were also measured within carbonate-attached biofilms using pH-sensitive fluorophores. Together, these results show that the production of acidic microenvironments in biofilms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are capable of dissolving carbonate rocks, even under well-buffered marine conditions. Our results support the hypothesis that authigenic carbonate rock dissolution driven by lithotrophic sulfur-oxidation constitutes a previously unknown carbon flux from the rock reservoir to the ocean and atmosphere.