Artificial Intelligence Governance: A Comparative Analysis of China, the European Union, and the United States

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly more ubiquitous and deployed across many sectors and industries. While the technology is expected to bring transformative changes to society, there has been a growing urgency to establish robust governance frameworks to mitigate the issues and risks attendant with its deployment. A representative governance initiative was selected from China, the European Union, and the United States — as the three leading global AI regimes at present — to conduct a comparative analysis on their approaches. These policy recommendations were developed to address fundamental AI principles that had been identified and distilled from a corpus of over ninety AI governance initiatives published by the academia, private and public sectors, and multi-stakeholder groups. AI principles were chosen as the standard for policy analysis in this paper because they have been established — in the field of AI governance — as well-researched guidelines that can be used as the foundation for developing AI governance frameworks.