Natural whole grain components effectively control TNF alpha
2009-05
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Natural whole grain components effectively control TNF alpha
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2009-05
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Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in recognizing self and non-self compounds to keep our
bodies healthy. This leads to a balancing act to provide sufficient immunological response to appropriate
antigenic (foreign) agents, and not over-responding which creates detrimental effects on the host. Betaglucans
from bacteria, fungi, and cereal grains are immune system stimulators that work through specific
cell surface receptors to enhance the host response against antigenic organisms and tumors. One of the
most significant signals the peripheral immune system utilizes to respond to an antigenic agent is the
secretion of TNFα cytokine. This pleiotropic cytokine leads innate immune system defense, plays a key
role in appetite, inflammation, and cancer, and regulates communication to other immune cells to respond
in an organized configuration. First, this study demonstrated that beta-glucan from barley and oat as well
as enzymatic treatment of beta-glucans from oats enhances immune stimulation through increased TNFα.
I have shown through a model cell culture system (RAW 264.7 macrophages), a highly pure barley betaglucan
(>91%; 10 μg/ml) and oat beta-glucan (>97%; 300 μg/ml) stimulate macrophages to produce 0.57
+/- 0.19 and 0.49 +/- 0.17 fg/cell TNFα, respectively quantified by ELISA). However, treatment of
barley (10 μg/ml) and oat (300 μg/ml) beta-glucans with lichenase (10 u/μg; 1 hr, 40 C) significantly
(p<0.05) increased TNFα production only in the oat beta-glucan (300 μg/ml) samples (1.48 +/- 0.55
fg/cell). Uncontrolled production of TNFα has been well documented in patients with chronic diseases
such as CVD, obesity, and diabetes. Drugs that suppress TNFα production have relieved many
deleterious symptoms and disease progression associated with these chronic diseases. Second, this study
demonstrated that phenolic acids associated with cereal bran reduce TNFα production. Bran extracts
from wheat and barley containing phenolic acids can almost completely diminish (~87%) the
TNFα production from macrophages stimulated by cereal and bacterial beta-glucans. Purified
commercially available cinnamic and protocatechuic acid significantly (p<0.05) reduce TNFα production
from bacterial and cereal beta-glucan stimulated macrophages. The combined effects of caffeic and
ferulic acid significantly reduced TNFα (59-88%) from cereal and bacterial beta-glucan stimulated
macrophages. Through a model cell culture system, I demonstrated that beta-glucans, cereal bran
extracts, and multiple phenolic acids from cereal bran have the potential to regulate an important cytokine
of the immune system.
Description
University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2009. Major: Food Science. Advisors: Dr. R. Gary Fulcher, Dr. Joanne Slavin. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 135 pages.
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Pascoe, David Allen. (2009). Natural whole grain components effectively control TNF alpha. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/52383.
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