The Impact of Systematic Insecticides Against Emerald Ash Borer on Phenology of Urban Ash Trees
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The Impact of Systematic Insecticides Against Emerald Ash Borer on Phenology of Urban Ash Trees
Published Date
2023-02
Publisher
Journal of Economic Entomology
Type
Article
Abstract
The continued threat of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis; EAB) to North American ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) has necessitated the use of systemic insecticide treatments as a primary control strategy against EAB in urban centers. Altered tree phenology due to systemic insecticides could mediate nontarget effects on other insect species, such as seed weevils or leaf-feeders, but whether such injections alter phenological events has not been studied.This study assessed the effects of systemic injections of emamectin benzoate or azadirachtin relative to untreated controls on the spring and fall phenology of mature green ash trees in Saint Paul, MN, USA from fall 2017 to spring 2019. EAB was first detected in this area in 2009.Trees showed minor, visible signs of EAB infestation at study initiation, but not mortality. We examined six phenological events: bud swelling, budburst, flowering, leaf out, leaf color change, and leaf abscission using a visual survey protocol.The timing of phenological events was similar across the different treatments for all but two of events; budburst and flowering. Budburst and flowering occurred 7 d and 5 d earlier, respectively, in treated trees than untreated trees. Given symptoms observed, we posit that delays in these events in untreated trees were due to infestations of EAB and the treatments of emamectin benzoate or azadiractin simply preserved the original phenology.The results from this study suggest that systemic insecticides may mitigate changes in ash tree phenology such as delayed leaf out that may be early symptoms of emerald ash borer.
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Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center through the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund
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10.1093/jee/toad015
Previously Published Citation
Mwangola, D. M., Kees, A. M., Grosman, D. M., & Aukema, B. H. (2023). The Impact of Systematic Insecticides Against Emerald Ash Borer on Phenology of Urban Ash Trees. Journal of Economic Entomology, 116(2), 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad015
Suggested citation
Mwangola, Dorah M.; Kees, Aubree M.; Grosman, Donald M.; Aukema, Brian H.. (2023). The Impact of Systematic Insecticides Against Emerald Ash Borer on Phenology of Urban Ash Trees. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1093/jee/toad015.
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