Precursors and Consequences of Partner Buffering of Attachment Insecurity for Agents in Romantic Relationships: An Examination of Two Longitudinal Studies

Abstract

Insecurely attached people have less satisfying relationships, experience poorer psychological and physical health, and struggle to cope with stressful situations. Attachment insecurity, however, is modifiable. Indeed, individuals (agents) in romantic relationships can provide soothing comfort and tailored support that “buffers” or diminishes their partners’ (targets’) distress and insecurity. These supportive responses by agents are called buffering behaviors. Thus far, research has primarily examined how these responses allay insecurity and distress, thereby enhancing wellbeing and increasing security in many targets. Partner buffering, however, is a dyadic process that involves both targets and agents. Although some research has investigated targets, little is known about partner buffering from the agent’s perspective. Specifically, we do not know: (1) why some agents are more effective at buffering their partners than are other agents, or (2) what the long-term costs of engaging in buffering are for agents. Using data from two existing longitudinal studies, I documented whether and how certain personal and relational experiences shape agents' proclivity to engage in buffering behaviors (Studies 1 & 2), along with the long-term repercussions of buffering on agents’ individual and relationship wellbeing (Study 2). The current research suggests that agents are best equipped to engage in tailored and effective buffering behaviors when they (1) can regulate themselves, (2) have developed adequate social skills, and (3) are committed to maintaining their current relationship. Moreover, agents tend to benefit from engaging in buffering behaviors when their buffering is effective and when it is reciprocated.