Sorption and Release of Dissolved Pollutants Via Bioretention Media
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Sorption and Release of Dissolved Pollutants Via Bioretention Media
Published Date
2011-09
Publisher
St. Anthony Falls Laboratory
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Report
Abstract
The removal and retention of cadmium, copper, and zinc is investigated with batch
and column experiments of compost and sand using synthetic stormwater. The
maximum sorption capacities found using the Langmuir isotherm equation for Cd
and Zn are 2.13 mg/g and 3.82 mg/g for compost and 0.02 and 0.07 mg/g for sand.
Copper precipitates at the solution pH and could not be modeled. Column studies
using three different ratios of compost (50, 30, 10, and 0%, by bulk volume) in sand
were conducted to develop breakthrough curves. The sorption capacities for 15 cm
of filter media found using the Thomas Model are 0.78, 0.37, 0.23, and 0.07 mg Cd/g
for 50%, 30%, 10% and 0% compost, respectively. The column study results were
used to predict bioretention lifespan. At stormwater concentrations, 15 cm of filter
media composed of 30% compost and 70% sand will last 95 years until
breakthrough, when the effluent concentration is 10% of the influent concentration.
In both batch and column studies, effluent concentrations of phosphorus exceeded
the influent concentrations indicating phosphorus export from the filter media to
receiving waters. The release of phosphorus was initially high, but then decreased to
a steady state value of 0.29 mg/L (C0=0.13 mg/L) and remained constant
throughout the test. The total yearly load exported from a typical bioretention
practice containing 30% compost is estimated at 347 mg dissolved phosphorus per
year. Lastly, the results are discussed in relation to stormwater management
operation and maintenance. Over time, toxic metals will continue to migrate down
through the filter media. Influxes of new toxic metals and the release of toxic metals
by degrading compost will cause the concentration in the filter media to increase.
The removal of phosphorus is dependent on the background level of phosphorus on
the chosen filter media and, based on the column study results, may continue to
release from the filter media at a constant rate. Bioretention practices composed of
MNDOT Grade 2 compost and C‐33 sand may be a source of phosphorus to receiving
waters. Thus, a novel recommendation for bioretention redesign is made that will
enable us to better design infiltration practices for protection of receiving ground
and surface waters by retaining both dissolved toxic metals and phosphorus.
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Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
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Morgan, Joel G.; Paus, Kim A.; Hozalski, Raymond M.; Gulliver, John S.. (2011). Sorption and Release of Dissolved Pollutants Via Bioretention Media. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/116560.
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