Shallow groundwater temperature response to urbanization and climate change in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area: Analysis of vertical heat convection effects from the ground surface
2008-05
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Shallow groundwater temperature response to urbanization and climate change in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area: Analysis of vertical heat convection effects from the ground surface
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2008-05
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St. Anthony Falls Laboratory
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Report
Abstract
Groundwater temperatures, especially in shallow (quaternary) aquifers
depend on ground surface temperatures which in turn depend on climate and
land use. A key heat transfer processes that contributes to shallow groundwater
temperatures is conduction from the soil surface into the groundwater.
Groundwater temperatures therefore respond to ground surface temperatures.
Ground surface temperatures have seasonal and diurnal cycles, and are
modified by urban development, and climate change. In Minnesota seasonal
temperature cycles penetrate the ground to depths on the order of 10 to 15m. In
this report, we explore concepts and basic relationships by which groundwater
temperatures are induced by conduction from the ground surface.
Our analysis indicates that a fully urbanized downtown area at the latitude
of Minneapolis/St. Paul is likely to have a groundwater temperature that is nearly
3°C warmer than an undeveloped/ agricultural area. Pavements are the main
cause of this change. Data collected by the MPCA in the St. Cloud, MN area
confirm that land use influences groundwater temperatures.
Global warming will also result in a rise of ground surface temperatures
and hence groundwater temperatures. In the extreme case of a 2xCO2 climate
scenario groundwater temperatures would be expected to rise by up to 4°C.
Compounding urbanization and climate change, by applying the extreme 2xCO2
climate scenario to a land use change from “undeveloped” to “fully urbanized”, is
expected to raise groundwater temperatures by about 5°C at the latitude of
Minneapolis/St. Paul. A mean annual groundwater temperature rise of 5°C
would likely have a very adverse affect on trout habitat in coldwater streams in
summer.
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Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
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Taylor, Craig A.; Stefan, Heinz G.. (2008). Shallow groundwater temperature response to urbanization and climate change in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area: Analysis of vertical heat convection effects from the ground surface. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/115333.
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