Genetic understanding of resistance to foliar phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, in cold-hardy hybrid grapes
2020-06
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Genetic understanding of resistance to foliar phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, in cold-hardy hybrid grapes
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2020-06
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Phylloxera is an important pest infesting foliage of North American native Vitis species and cold-hardy hybrids between V. vinifera and V. riparia. Currently, chemical control is the only commonly used management method. There is a need to development integrated pest management strategies including the use of resistant varieties (Chapter 1). The effects of foliar phylloxera infestations on four grape varieties were a numeric reduction in unit yield of cluster weight, photosynthesis rate, and photosystem II efficiency. This reduction in cluster weight can be economically important to growers (Chapter 2). Most genetic studies in grape for resistance to phylloxera limited to the root. A previous study using a population, GE1025 (N=~125), detected the first quantitative trait locus (QTL), a ~15-cM region, for foliar resistance on chromosome 14. To fine map the QTL, a larger population, GE1783 (N=~1023), was created and genotyped with the rhAmpSeq technology with conserved haplotype markers across Vitis species. Through selective phenotyping using a 0-7 severity rating scale among other phylloxera severity traits on 188 potential recombinants of GE1783, we fine mapped the QTL to 2.1-4.9 Mbp on chromosome 14. A most probable candidate resistance gene plays a role in gallic acid formation (Chapter 3). To investigate antixenosis as a possible resistance mechanism, leaf trichome density was mapped in GE1025 with genotype-by-sequencing and phenotypic scores collected using a 0-6 trichome density scale at several leaf positions. Evaluations were done on forced dormant cuttings in two years and on field-grown leaves in one year. There was a ~ -0.2 correlation (r) between trichome density and phylloxera resistance. Two regions on chromosomes 1 and 10 were repeatedly detected for multiple trichome density traits. We fine mapped the chromosome 1 QTL to a 140-kb region using selective phenotyping in GE1783. We found insertion/deletion variations of the parents of the population in one candidate pseudogene in this region and three other candidate genes proposed previously (Chapter 4). In all, we identified closely linked markers that can be used for marker-assisted breeding for foliar phylloxera resistance to improve the cold-hardy hybrid grape germplasm and potential candidate resistance genes for future investigations.
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University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. June 2020. Major: Applied Plant Sciences. Advisor: Matthew Clark. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 120 pages + 1 supplementary file.
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Yin, Lu. (2020). Genetic understanding of resistance to foliar phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, in cold-hardy hybrid grapes. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/224600.
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