Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) Using Abandoned Mine Pits on the Mesabi Iron Range of Minnesota – Final Report
2011
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Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) Using Abandoned Mine Pits on the Mesabi Iron Range of Minnesota – Final Report
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2011
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University of Minnesota Duluth
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Technical Report
Abstract
This project focuses on developing an energy storage capability within Minnesota that will enable a
larger build‐out of variable renewable generation sources. Currently, a significant challenge associated
with the predominant renewable resource in our region (wind) is the variable and off‐peak nature of the
energy generated. This feature of some renewable generation systems can, unfortunately, cause: (1) the
need to build new fossil fuel generating facilities; (2) operation of existing fossil fuel generating facilities
at inefficient levels; (3) transmission grid instability and unreliability; and (4) higher electricity rates.
Energy storage is key to overcoming these problems. Currently, the only viable means of storing energy
on a large scale are through pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air storage systems or
liquid sodium sulfide battery systems. Fortunately, Minnesota has a unique and largely untapped
resource for PHES in the form of idled taconite mines on the Mesabi Iron Range. The goal of this
research project was to determine the potential viability, environmental sustainability and societal
benefits of PHES as a vital, enabling technology for wind turbine‐based power generation. The intent of
this research is to provide a clear roadmap for PHES development in Minnesota. The project is
multifaceted and draws resources across the University System and from key industrial partners: Great
River Energy and Minnesota Power. The results from the project provide vital information to decision
makers on the potential of PHES and give guidance on how the technology can be implemented using
the unique assets of the Minnesota Iron Ranges so that renewable mandates and green house gas
reduction can be effectively accomplished. The results show that the topography and water resources
exist at various sites that could allow a 100 to 200 MW facility to be constructed if the overall economic,
mineral rights, and environmental issues associated with a given site can be properly managed. The
report delves into the possibilities and outlines selection criteria that can be used for site selection.
Other information is developed to compare the potential economic impact of implementation of the
project within the constraints of the factors that can be monetized using the current policy
environment. Finally, potential life cycle, regulatory, environmental, and permitting issues that are
associated with implementation of the concept are discussed.
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Fosnacht, Donald R. (2011). Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) Using Abandoned Mine Pits on the Mesabi Iron Range of Minnesota – Final Report. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/187170.
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