Exploring the Relationships Between Supports and Depression Among Elderly Caregivers Raising Children Orphaned by AIDS in Rural Namibia

Abstract

Using the ecological systems theory, the present study examined the levels of depression in elderly caregivers of AIDS orphaned children in relations to those caregivers' financial stability, social support, informational support, and personal characteristics. Cross-sectional data were collected through face-to face interviews using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) of depression and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Measures for financial stability and informational supports were specifically developed for this study. Multiple regression analysis found elevated levels of depressive symptoms, with all caregivers in this study scoring above the threshold criteria for depression (≥16 points). The mean score of CES-D for the entire sample was 48. Findings also revealed a significant negative association between financial stability and depression. In addition, results showed a negative association between caring for an HIV-infected child and depression after controlling for caregiver age and caring for an HIV-infected child. Findings suggest the need for greater economic security and mental health interventions for elderly caregivers.