Monitoring an Iron-Enhanced Sand Filter Trench for the Capture of Phosphate from Stormwater Runoff
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Monitoring an Iron-Enhanced Sand Filter Trench for the Capture of Phosphate from Stormwater Runoff
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2015-09
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Report
Abstract
This monitoring project was performed on an iron enhanced sand filtration (IESF) trench in the City of Prior Lake.
Water from the pond and IESF trench discharges into a wetland that ultimately drains into Upper Prior Lake. In 2002,
Upper Prior Lake was listed on Minnesota’s 303(d) List of Impaired Waters for nutrient/eutrophication biological
indicators with aquatic recreation being impaired. Water quality has been reduced due to excessive phosphorus
loading. According to the TMDL implementation plan developed for Spring Lake and Upper Prior Lake, the total
phosphorus load must be reduced by 83% and 41%, respectively, to meet water quality goals.
Overall, for 28 monitored natural rainfall/runoff events from 2013-2015, the IESF trench removed 26% of the
phosphate mass load it received, though after non-routine maintenance in August 2014 the performance improved to
45% phosphate mass load reduction. These results indicate the importance of maintenance. A newer installation was
previously monitored, and found to retain 71% of the phosphate (Erickson and Gulliver 2010). Most of the overall
phosphate load reduction was achieved during larger events that had comparatively high influent phosphate
concentrations (32.3 – 125.2 μg/L) and mass loads. Many small events in this investigation with low influent
phosphate concentrations (3.8 – 38.4 μg/L) or mass loads exhibited negative removal (i.e., effluent mass load >
influent mass load). The high effluent phosphate concentrations are suspected to be caused by the degradation of
floating plants (primarily duckweed) that were deposited on the surface of the filter trench. As mentioned above, nonroutine
maintenance to remove this material resulted in substantial performance improvement. After this
maintenance, positive removal was observed for influent concentrations ranging from 6.3 – 44.1 μg/L. Detailed
results, maintenance activities, design and operating & maintenance recommendations, and lessons learned are
given within this report.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Section 319 Program
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
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Erickson, Andrew J.; Gulliver, John S.; Weiss, Peter T.. (2015). Monitoring an Iron-Enhanced Sand Filter Trench for the Capture of Phosphate from Stormwater Runoff. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/175078.
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