Facts about stroke prevention

Abstract

Stroke represents a heavy burden of disease in the US; it is the third leading cause of death. The risk of stroke after a first cerebrovascular event is high; annual estimates range from 4-11% in this population. Primary stroke prevention encompasses a variety of lifestyle changes such diet change, exercise, smoking cessation, and moderation of alcohol intake. The goal of these actions is to prevent conditions associated with an increased risk of stroke, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Once a patient has had a stroke, pharmacotherapy is indicated for prevention of recurrence. Studies thus far indicate that in patients with normal heart rhythms, antiplatelet therapy with aspirin is the best choice for reducing risk of another stroke. Patients with heart rhythms such as atrial fibrillation should be on oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin.