Tar Spot of Corn: A Diagnostic and Methods Guide

Abstract

Tar spot of corn is an emerging plant disease in the continental United States and Canada caused by the fungal pathogen Phyllachora maydis Maubl. Tar spot has been known to occur in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America since the early to mid-1900s. In 2015, it was reported for the first time in the continental United States. Since that time, tar spot has spread across corn-producing areas in the United States with epidemics as recent as 2021 resulting in significant yield losses. Although tar spot has been known to affect corn for over a century in the Americas, the biology of the pathogen, etiology, and epidemiology of the disease are not well understood. Additionally, symptoms and signs of tar spot resemble other foliar diseases and abiotic disorders of corn, which may lead to misdiagnosis. In this paper, we provide a brief description of current knowledge about tar spot of corn, including pathogen taxonomy, host range, symptoms and signs, specimen storage, pathogenicity testing, diagnostic protocols, and geographic distribution. This information will be useful to diagnosticians, researchers, and other professionals working with this disease.