Lead from Spent Ammunition: A Source of Poisoning in Bald Eagles

Cruz, Luis
Redig, Patrick T.
Smith, Donald R.
2009-10-07
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Lead from Spent Ammunition: A Source of Poisoning in Bald Eagles

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2009-10-07

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A 12-year (1996-2008) retrospective study of lead poisoning in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was conducted to test the hypothesis that spent lead from ammunition, present in the carcasses and gutpiles of white-tailed deer, represents an important source of lead exposure. Sample size consisted of n=300 lead poisoning cases from 1,150 eagles admitted.

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Cruz, Luis; Redig, Patrick T.; Smith, Donald R.. (2009). Lead from Spent Ammunition: A Source of Poisoning in Bald Eagles. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/58936.

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