Associations and Outcomes of Positive Emotion Socialization in the Children of Mothers with Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

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Associations and Outcomes of Positive Emotion Socialization in the Children of Mothers with Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

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2018-05

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Emotion socialization (ES) is the way in which influential individuals in a child or adolescent’s life react to, discuss, and express emotions, which in turn influences the child’s own emotional responses and expression. Supportive positive emotion socialization (PES) beneficially affects cognitive functioning, well-being, and the ability to cope with various stressors and adversity. For parents, the occurrence of depression can negatively impact parenting patterns which can lead to child maladjustment and increased levels of psychopathology later in the child’s life. Based on these consideration, I predicted that greater PES could act as a protective factor for children of parents with depression. This archival study aimed to analyze whether children of mothers with unipolar and bipolar depression perceived different levels of PES from their mothers compared to children of control mothers. Additionally, the study longitudinally assessed whether children who had perceived greater levels of PES would exhibit less psychopathology and greater well-being at later time points compared to children who had perceived lower PES. After multiple analyses, these hypotheses were not supported. However, further research needs to be conducted on this topic using different measures and a more environmentally inclusive lens in order to obtain a more comprehensive view of the relationship between maternal depression and PES, which could ultimately lead to better outcomes for children of mothers with unipolar and bipolar depression.

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This study was funded primarily by the National Institutes of Health. The NIMH protocol number for this study is 1 Z01MH002491 DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSPRING OF AFFECTIVELY ILL AND WELL PARENTS (RADKE-YARROW, PI AND GOLD, PI), which was also previously referred to as the "Childrearing Study." The authors wish to acknowledge the significant contributions of Anne Mayfield and the many research investigators, staff trainees, and research assistants who made such an effort possible. We also express our deep appreciation to the parent participants and their children who volunteered repeatedly over a 15-year period.

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Krueger, Alyssa M. (2018). Associations and Outcomes of Positive Emotion Socialization in the Children of Mothers with Unipolar and Bipolar Depression. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/209132.

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