Gender Differences in Working Memory Performance and the Role of Theta-Gamma Coupling as a Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

This thesis investigates gender differences in brain activity during working memory tasks using electroencephalography (EEG) sensors. It explores the correlation between theta-gamma coupling, a neurophysiological process, and performance in various working memory tasks, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for cognitive impairment. Working memory is notably affected in the preclinical stage of dementia and deteriorates as the disease progresses. Two-thirds of clinically diagnosed cases of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are women. Studies have shown that the estimated lifetime risk for dementia at age 45 is 20% for women and 10% for men. This significant discrepancy underscores the importance of exploring gender differences in brain activity. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative EEG data analysis with qualitative assessments of cognitive performance. By examining the nuances of theta-gamma coupling and its impact on working memory, the study aims to provide insights into the early detection of cognitive decline. The findings could inform tailored intervention strategies and enhance our understanding of gender-specific vulnerabilities to mental impairments, ultimately contributing to more effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches for dementia and relatedconditions.