Mineland Reclamation using Office Waste Paper De-Inking Residue
1994-03
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Mineland Reclamation using Office Waste Paper De-Inking Residue
Published Date
1994-03
Publisher
University of Minnesota Duluth
Type
Technical Report
Abstract
Pulp facilities which recycle office waste paper generate a large amount of waste by-products
in the process of producing high-grade pulp. The paper-like residue, called de-inking residue,
was evaluated for use in the restoration of vegetation on coarse taconite tailings in NE
Minnesota. The mineland reclamation rules specify that a 90 percent vegetative cover shall be
established on tailings after three growing seasons, however this level of cover on coarse tailings
has not been consistently achieved in Minnesota using standard restoration practices. Research
plots were established in 1992 at Eveleth Mines arranged in a randomized block design with
three replications using five levels of de-inking residue, five levels of fertilization and two plant
mixes. A total of twenty-five treatment combinations were assigned to 2.5m- by- 4.0m plots and
lysimeters were installed to monitor changes in sub-surface water quality. Coarse tailings were
evaluated to determine the effects of de-inking residue on their chemical properties. Vegetative
cover was measured in July and September in 1992 and 1993 and nutrient levels were
determined in plant samples. Fertilization and de-inking residue amendments had significant
effects on the vegetative cover of both introduced and native plant species. De-inking residue
had a minimal impact on the chemical properties of coarse tailings at rates up to 80 dry ton/acre
and on sub-surface water quality at a depth of four feet. Vegetative cover for introduced species
increased from no cover, to 49 percent the first growing season, to 90 percent at the end of the
second growing season on tailings fertilized at the highest level and amended with residue at 10
ton/acre. At the same fertilizer and de-inking residue rate, vegetative cover for native plants
increased from no cover to 7 percent the first growing season, to 69 percent at the end of the
second growing season. Alfalfa had lower levels of boron, magnesium, and manganese on
residue amended plots in 1992 and 1993. Bluestem had higher levels of calcium and zinc, but
lower levels of magnesium and manganese on residue amended. plots. Cadmium, chromium,
copper, nickel, lead, and zinc in alfalfa and bluestem did not accumulate to toxic levels. Deinking
residue appears to have benefited vegetative growth after two growing seasons using deinking
residue applied at 10 dry ton/acre with fertilizer applied at 160 lb/acre of nitrogen and
359 lb/acre of phosphorus.
Description
Revised 10/03/94; Subaccount No. 543845; This report is the Final Report for Phase III of the Minnesota Office of Environmental
Assistance funded project "Evaluation of Uses of De-inking Residue." Phase III of this project
was previously entitled "Mineland Reclamation." Prepared for: Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance, 1350 Energy Lane, St. Paul, MN 55108
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University of Minnesota Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811-1442
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McCarthy, Barbara J; Monson Geerts, Stephen D; Johnson, Kurt W; Malterer, Thomas J; Maly, Craig C. (1994). Mineland Reclamation using Office Waste Paper De-Inking Residue. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/188437.
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