Restraint and seclusion in American public schools: developing principles of appropriate use and identifying corresponding legal provisions.

Abstract

In the context of increasing numbers of children being subject to restraint and seclusion practices in school settings, this study proposes 14 principles of appropriate use for those practices. These principles were developed from the research literature and from the results of six interviews of school-based practitioners who have extensive experience with addressing restraint and seclusion use in their schools. The Principles are designed to ensure the appropriate use of these potentially dangerous interventions as well as to reduce the risks and other negative consequences to children, adults, and schools. Additionally, this study examines how 23 state laws correspond to the proposed principles. A review of the proposed federal law is also provided. This study presents a checklist for reviewing state laws and school policies as well as a model state law designed to promote the appropriate use of restraint and seclusion.