Applications of Extremophiles in Martian Astrobiology

Abstract

The study of extremophiles, microorganisms that live in extreme environments, is a rapidly growing area of research. It is only recently that scientists have discovered that these types of microorganisms exist; discovering extremophile existence in locations such as toxic acid drainage sites, cold Antarctic deserts, and deep under the Earth’s surface. While all extremophiles differ vastly, they are connected by one trait: their ability to thrive in environments where no other life survives, even outer space. This review will focus on current research of Martian astrobiology. Because of the characteristics many extremophiles possess, they are common model organisms for extraterrestrial life. The environments discussed in this literature review serve as terrestrial analogs for Martian environments. The most recent literature is sending extremophiles in space and simulated extraterrestrial conditions to measure survival rates. Future applications include discovering life on Mars or possibly populating others planets with life (Rampelotto).