Browsing by Subject "women"
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Item American Elections: Is 2012 the Year of the Woman?(2012-09-11) Lawless, Jennifer; Pearson, KathrynItem Barriers to Care for Women Veterans with Post-Traumatic Disorder: Interface of Gender, Culture, Diagnosis, and Compensation(2018-12) Eggers, ThomasineThis paper will specifically address processes that may create an arduous evidentiary burden that female veterans must meet in order to qualify for disability compensation benefits; notably more difficult burden of proof than their male counterparts (Schingle, 2009). Also addressed is the impact of cultural and gender competence and sensitivity on barriers to care for this particular subset of the veteran population. As women continue to serve in the military in increasing numbers, and as the roles expand to include those previously held by men, there is a great need for a better understanding of the stressors that women veterans face and how these stressors impact their lives and the lives of their families after deployment. Although MST affects both men and women, the foci of this work will be on women, as women are the majority of victims of sexual assault. If women are not diagnosed and compensated at similar rates as men -where warranted- this discrepancy can lead to poverty, drug and alcohol abuse, homelessness, despair, and even suicide. This paper will address gaps between the progress made at VHA so far, with suggestions for improving barriers to health care and mental health treatment for women.Item Case Study: Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a One-Day Leadership Conference to Foster Women’s Leadership in Healthcare(University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2014) Fierke, Kerry K.; Kading, Margarette L.Despite women increasingly entering the healthcare field, they still face barriers to advancing in leadership ranks within healthcare. To address the need for leadership development among women in healthcare, the Center for Leading Healthcare Change (CLHC) at the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy piloted a one-day conference in November 2012 entitled “Women Impacting Healthcare: Decide to Make a Difference.” This conference utilized an interactive agenda: each speaker’s presentation was followed by hands-on leadership activities during which attendees developed their own personal leadership visions. Specific leadership activities were designed to build upon one another and help design a leadership pathway. All activities were consistent as they included personal reflection and interaction with others. Attendees were asked to complete two evaluations, one immediately at the conclusion of the conference, and another two-weeks post. The conference committee achieved the goal of delivering the conference objectives. As the Women Impacting Healthcare committee continues to look for ways to develop leaders in healthcare, the focus of future conferences will also evolve to include the needs of women currently in leadership roles, as well as ways women can grow into leadership roles.Item Characteristics of Poverty: Incidence, Change, and Correlates. Fifth in the series, What the 1990 Census Says About Minnesota.(Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, 1997) Ahlburg, Dennis A.Item Comparing the effects of transdermal hormone therapy to oral hormone therapy on gallbladder disease, cholecystectomy, and gallbladder cancer(University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2017-06-30) Hersi, Faid; Onwonga, Esther B.; Horst, JennaObjective: To determine whether transdermal hormone therapy produces less effects on the development of gallbladder disease and cancer than oral hormone therapy. Data sources: OVID, PubMed, Medline, and NIH Study selection: Studies that included women who are 40 -75 years of age who were naive to hormone therapy. Studies chosen had to include both transdermal and oral routes of hormone administration as well as findings related to gallbladder disease, cancer, or markers that affect these conditions. Reviews were not included in our study criteria. The primary outcome was incidence of gallbladder disease and cholecystectomy. Data synthesis: Of the 98 articles, 5 articles were included in the assessment. 2 studies assessed gallbladder disease/cholecystectomy, 2 assessed biomarkers for gallbladder stone, and 1 assessed gallbladder disease as a risk for gallbladder cancer. Prospective data suggests that transdermal hormone therapy has a lower risk of gallbladder disease and cholecystectomy. Evidence also suggests a positive correlation between gallbladder disease and gallbladder cancer. Conclusions: The preliminary evidence suggests that transdermal hormone therapy has a lower risk of gallbladder cancer. There is a strong association between gallbladder cancer and cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, and inflammation. Based on the evidence, transdermal therapy may have a lower risk of gallbladder disease and cholecystectomy. In addition, transdermal has a more favorable lipid panel. The evidence also suggests some correlation between hypercholesterolemia and risk of cholecystectomy.Item CURA Research Reports on Underrepresented Groups: Reports Based on CURA Research Projects, 1968-2000(University of Minnesota: Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, 2001-04) Wolfe, Margaret R.Item Early-life Chronic Stressors, Rumination, and the Onset of Chronic Disorders in Women(2018-09) Khandker, MaheruhBackground: There has been increasing attention on chronic stressors and their influence on various chronic disorders. Prospective and observational and studies have shown associations between early-life chronic stressors (e.g., childhood abuse) and various chronic illnesses. However, little is known about the psychobiological mechanisms linking the two. One plausible contributing mechanism is perseverative cognition. Defined as the repetitive cognitive representation of a psychological stressor, perseverative cognition can extend the psychological and physiological effects of stress contributing to chronic disease etiology. Using retrospective and prospective studies, this dissertation will examine the role of rumination, a manifestation of perseverative cognition, in the development of two very distinct chronic disorders in women: 1) vulvodynia, a chronic pain disorder and 2) prediabetes, a precursor to the metabolic disorder Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Three different manuscripts were written to explore early-life stressors, the role of rumination as a stress response, and the onset of chronic disorders vulvodynia and prediabetes. The first manuscript aimed to examine the role of rumination on the onset of vulvodynia. A psychosocial survey with questions specific to early-life traumatic events and rumination were administered to 185 matched case-control pairs of women with and without vulvodynia. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between rumination constructs (i.e., total, emotion-focused, instrumental, and searching for meaning) and vulvodynia onset. Conditional logistic regression was also used to determine whether these associations depended upon early-life stressors (i.e., severity of childhood abuse and of self-reported antecedent traumatic events). Age at interview, antecedent pain disorders, any childhood abuse, and antecedent psychiatric morbidity were included as covariates. The second manuscript, in the same matched pairs, delved further into the role of rumination on the onset of two key vulvodynia phenotypes: 1) primary and secondary onset and, 2) localized and generalized areas of pain. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between rumination constructs and onset of each of the vulvodynia phenotypes. Conditional logistic regression was also used to determine whether these associations depended upon the presence of early-life stressors. Age at interview, antecedent pain disorders, any abuse, and antecedent psychiatric morbidity were included as covariates. The third manuscript examined the associations between rumination and incident prediabetes in a prospective study. The participants were 1,326 white and black women aged 25-37 years without prediabetes or diabetes at baseline (examination year 7; 1992-1993) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Incident prediabetes was estimated based on measures obtained at examination years 10, 15, 20 and 25. Trait rumination was assessed by the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory. Tertiles of trait rumination (i.e., total rumination, bother rumination, keen rumination, and tense rumination) were used to evaluate the hazard of incident prediabetes using Cox regression. All analyses were conducted on SAS 9.4, with a 2-sided type 1 error of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In the first manuscript: Vulvodynia was associated with the highest tertile of emotion-focused (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2) and instrumental (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.0) rumination. These associations were attenuated following additional adjustment for antecedent psychiatric morbidity. Among women who reported rumination about early-life stressors prior to vulvar pain in cases or matched reference age in controls, those with vulvodynia were over 2-times more likely to report the highest tertile of total rumination (OR=2.3; 95% CI:1.1, 5.0) compared to those without vulvodynia. In the second manuscript: Primary and localized vulvodynia were both associated with instrumental rumination (OR=5.2; 95% CI: 1.9, 14.6 and OR=3.0; 95%CI:1.2, 8.0, respectively). These associations were attenuated following additional adjustment for depression; associations with localized vulvodynia became non-significant. No associations were observed for secondary vulvodynia or for generalized vulvodynia. When examining rumination stratified by early-life stressors, localized and generalized vulvodynia were both associated with rumination among women who reported higher levels of trauma severity (OR=7.9; 95% CI 1.8, 34.1) and OR=5.2; 95% CI (1.2, 22.9), respectively). In the third manuscript: After adjusting for covariates, there was a 35% higher incidence of prediabetes in women who were in the highest tertile of bother rumination compared to those in the lowest tertile of bother rumination (HR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.75) after adjustment for potential confounders. This association was attenuated following additional adjustment for depression. No other trait rumination constructs were associated with incidence of prediabetes. Among women with a history of childhood physical abuse, there was a 2.2-fold higher incidence of prediabetes in women who were in the highest tertile of bother rumination compared to women who reported being in the lowest tertile of bother rumination (HR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.64); there were no associations among women who did not have a history of childhood physical abuse. Conclusion: Outcomes of this dissertation will help to understand the psychobiological mechanisms of vulvodynia and prediabetes in women. Our findings indicate that a prolonged cognitive stress response (i.e., rumination) may be one important mechanism by which early-life stressors contribute to the onset of chronic disorders in women. The results may be useful in developing interventions for the prevention and treatment of these chronic disorders. Findings may also have implications for similar chronic pain syndromes and metabolic disorders in women.Item Electing Women: Opportunities and Hurdles(2013-10-09) Murphy, Erin; Pearson, Kathryn; Sturdevant, LoriItem Final Report of the Post-Croson Project.(Distributed by Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota., 1997) Wilson, William L.Item Formative Evaluation of 'Our House': Transitional Housing for Homeless Mentally Ill Women.(Center for Community & Regional Research, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Duluth., 1991) Ollenburger, Jane C; Geis, Michelle K; Gruba, JimItem Minnesota Mailing List for Equal Opportunity Announcements and Advertisements, 1997. Third edition.(Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, 1997) Wolfe, Margaret R.; Smith, Frederick W.Item Minnesota Mailing List for Equal Opportunity Announcements and Advertisements, 2006. Fourth edition.(Minneapolis: Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota, 2006) Rath, DeniseItem Minnesota Mailing List for Equal Opportunity Announcements and Advertisements.(Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, Univesity of Minnesota, 1993) Wolfe, Margaret R.; Smith, Frederick W.Item Minnesota Philanthropic Support for the Disadvantaged, 1984. A report on who benefits from grantmaking.(Minneapolis: The Philanthropy Project, 1985) Pratt, Jon; Aburto, RosangelicaItem Minnesota Philanthropic Support for the Disadvantaged.(Minneapolis: The Philanthropy Project., 1984) Pratt, Jon; Aburto, RosangelicaItem Minnesota Rural Futures Survey Results.(2004) Barnett, Megan IleahItem The More Influential, the More Controversial: How Eleanor Roosevelt and Eva Perón Broke Gender Norms and Redefined the Role of First Lady(2018-05) Kahlenbeck, JosieThis thesis is a cross-cultural examination of how Eleanor Roosevelt and Eva Perón broke gender norms and redefined the role of first lady in the United States and Argentina. I examine the expectations for women in the early and mid-20th century and analyze how Roosevelt and Perón's actions were within and beyond these expectations. I find that Roosevelt's language was less forceful and groundbreaking than that of Perón, who was able to mix her strong visual presence with forceful language to create a Peronist image, and broke gender norms more than Roosevelt.Item Philanthropy Project. 1986 Minnesota Foundations List.(Minneapolis: The Philanthropy Project., 1986) Philanthropy ProjectItem Primer: Understanding the Child Care Trilemma from an Economic Perspective.(Minneapolis: Alliance of Early Childhood Professionals., 1996) Sherman, Anne