Browsing by Subject "vitamin D"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    African Swine Fever-Vitamin Supply Chain Workshop Notes
    (2019-04-26) Shurson, Gerald C; Urriola, Pedro E; van de Ligt, Jennifer LG; Sullivan, Polly L; Sundberg, Paul
    An African swine fever-vitamin meal supply chain workshop involving key industry stakeholders was conducted on April 26, 2019 on the University of Minnesota St. Paul campus. Several vitamins are produced exclusively in China, while others are also primarily produced in China by a few manufacturers. Likewise, most vitamin manufacturers produce human and animal grade vitamins using the same quality assurance and controls that meet human grade standards. Most meeting participants consider the risk of ASF introduction from vitamins to be low but recognize that, if contaminated, vitamins can be a vehicle for virus introduction in the U.S. Several research and development priorities were identified including 1) develop a surrogate for ASF virus for monitoring processes that can inactivate the virus if it was present, 2) develop third party biosecurity modules and audits that can be implemented for feed ingredient manufacturers, 3) conduct a risk assessment of virus transmission throughout the vitamin supply chain, and 4) explore the use of blockchain technology for greater transparency and trust in the vitamin supply chain. Several education and communication priorities were also identified. A clear, transparent, and unified message is needed to educate the feed and pork industry to decrease confusion and suspicion of the perceived risks of virus transmission in the vitamin supply chain. Key components of this story include: 1) what is known about ASF virus characteristics, survival, and inactivation, 2) general description of raw materials, chemical and fermentation processes used to produce various vitamins, 3) current quality assurance programs, 4) packaging and transport, 5) potential for cross contamination from other porcine derived feed ingredients in multi-species feed mills, 6) approved sources vs. brokers and traders, and 7) holding times, origin of carriers, and premix manufacturing processes used before delivery to feed mills and commercial swine farms. Vitamin suppliers have industry wide standards for ingredient safety that minimize the opportunity for virus introduction. However, pork producers are responsible for knowing their suppliers and asking the right questions to screen potential suppliers that do not follow standards of safety. A comprehensive description of the entire vitamin supply chain is needed and a unified, accurate, and consistent message to the pork industry.
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    Understanding the vitamin supply chain and relative risk of transmission of foreign animal diseases
    (2019) Shurson, Gerald C; Urriola, Pedro E
    The U.S. pork industry is dependent on vitamins manufactured in China because there are limited, and in some cases, there are no other country of origin options to meet industry volume demands. Initial studies have provided evidence that the African Swine Fever virus (ASFv) can survive in choline chloride, but not vitamin D3. However, it is unknown if this virus can survive in other vitamins. The risk of ASFv or other Foreign Animal Diseases (FAD) being introduced from China into the U.S. through vitamin imports appears to be low, but the impact of introduction is high. Vitamin manufacturing involves many highly technical chemical or fermentation processes that utilize commonly accepted quality control certification schemes and sanitary processes to meet human food grade, and often pharmaceutical standards in the U.S. and E.U. Although gelatin used in manufacturing vitamin A and D3 originates from pigskin, there appears to be sufficient thermal treatments used in extracting, concentrating, and sterilizing gelatin to inactivate pathogens. Some vitamin suppliers visit and audit corn cob suppliers for choline chloride production to verify that there is a killing step in corn cob carrier production. Only clean, unused, sealed containers and materials (e.g. pallets) are used for packaging and transporting vitamins to the U.S., usually under hazardous materials shipping standards due to high purity. All damaged containers and packages containing vitamins during transport are destroyed and not used in manufacturing swine feeds. Once purified vitamins arrive in the U.S., they are distributed to U.S. vitamin premix manufacturers for blending with carriers. Only carriers produced in North America are used by the U.S. vitamin premix manufacturers to minimize the risk of cross-contamination. However, there are a few unconventional brokers and traders that may import vitamins from China and market them using limited if any biosecurity and quality assurance control procedures. Obtaining vitamins and premixes from these entities increases the risk of ASFv introduction. Pork producers are responsible for selecting reputable suppliers of all feed ingredients by asking appropriate questions to avoid potential suppliers that do not follow standards of feed safety. Vitamins are unique compared to other feed ingredients because they are sensitive to high heat treatment and pH, which can substantially reduce their nutritional value if these types of virus mitigation treatments are applied.
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    Vitamin D and Depression
    (2010-07-29) Carlson, Michelle
    Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency likely has some relationship with mood disorders. However, the little data we have at this time is mostly from conflicting, poor quality randomized controlled trials or small case studies. At this time we cannot recommend screening for vitamin D deficiency in women with mood disorders. Still, because of the other health benefits of adequate vitamin D levels, including improving bone health and cognitive function as well as decreasing the risks of pain, autoimmune disease, colon cancer, breast cancer, and heart disease, it is appropriate to screen patients at risk for vitamin D deficiency and treat appropriately as well as recommend that all patients receive an adequate dose of vitamin D (800-1000 IU daily for all adults), whether through food, sunlight, or supplementation.
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    Vitamin D deficiency and Depression
    (2010-10-29) Hopeman, Margaret
    Many studies are currently looking at the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and depression, as well as other illnesses. This PET is designed to inform patients about the basics of vitamin D and explain its relationship to depression as it is known thus far.
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    Vitamin D Deficiency and Physical Performance in Athletes
    (2013-07) Fitzgerald, John
    The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and laboratory measures that are relevant to physical performance in competitive ice hockey players. Data was collected for 53 junior and collegiate ice hockey players residing near Minneapolis, Minnesota (44.9� N) during the offseason (May 16-June 28). Vitamin D status was inversely associated with percent body fat and positively associated with handgrip strength, trended with peak power during the wingate test, but not with vertical jump height after adjusting for measured covariates. Representing a novel finding of this study, 25(OH)D status was inversely related to jump execution time, time to peak power and positively associated with force gradient during the squat jump after adjusting for potential covariates.
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    What you need to know about vitamin D
    (2009-05-06) Gaeckle, Nate
    This is a short informative 1 page summary of the importance of vitamin D, how you make it, and how much you need everyday.
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    “What you should know about osteoporosis”
    (2009-08-19) Thomas, Christine
    A general patient education tool about the risk factors, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis in adults.
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    What you should know about vitamin D.
    (2010-07-29) Nelson, Kierre M.
    This piece of literature is a pamphlet designed to serve as a patient education tool for those interested in learning more about vitamin D. Included herein is information regarding daily vitamin D requirements, the disease states resulting from vitamin D deficiency, and instructions on how and where to purchase vitamin D supplements. For patients seeking additional information beyond the scope of this pamphlet, a listing of reliable websites has also provided.