Browsing by Subject "substance use disorder"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    The Codification Of The Cultural Health Belief Model Among The Southwestern Ojibwe
    (2019-06) St. Germaine, Rebecca
    ABSTRACT The Cultural Specific Approach to Health Model codifies an a priori approach to reconstruction of the health belief theory and significantly impacts medication experiences. The objective was to codify the Cultural Specific Approach to Health Model as an a priori construct to establish and explain a responsive framework of healthcare modeling demonstrated by the relationship of the Anishinaabe peoples’ Cultural Specific Approach construct of Bimaadiziwin. Propositions are: (1) why are phenological or traditional practices important to understand with the Cultural Specific Approach; (2) why is the relationship of spiritual and healing practices significant to the contribution of the Cultural Specific Approach; (3) what role does happiness discriminate in the psychosocial relationship to Cultural Specific Approach; and lastly, (4) what best defines professional cultural competency for practitioners to enhance patient’s perceptions of health and reported outcomes? The nomothetic study included eight providers, twenty-six healthcare administrators and 455 self-identified Ojibwe adults with a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, and other chronic illnesses, living on five Ojibwe rural reservations designated as medically underserved areas in the Midwest region of the United States between 2014 and 2018. Two areas were examined within three case study units: 1) the methodological initiation; and, 2) a novel pharmaceutical practice care approach based on the Cultural Specific Approach to Health Model. The results of the study showed positive changes in behaviors within a population that demonstrated the highest prevalence of substance use disorder and highlighted the integrated role of the pharmacists’ practice to combat opioid addiction.
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    Pilot Test of a Communication-Skills Intervention among Individuals in Recovery from Severe Substance-Use Disorders
    (2017-06) Krentzman, Amy R; Westlund, Janet; Tinetti, Tonia
    Purpose: Communication skills should help individuals in recovery to enhance interpersonal relationships. Positive relationships can improve quality of life and reduce relapse risk. This pilot study tested a novel intervention which taught person-centered communication skills to individuals with severe addiction histories in recovery. We investigated 1. Whether person-centered skills could be learned, 2. Whether such skills would be associated with a “standardized friend” (SF)’s communication satisfaction, and 3. Whether the skills would impact broader personal relationships. Method: 19 males (M = 44 years old) with histories of severe substance use disorder (M=39 AUDIT score, M=9 previous treatment episodes), low income (42% earned less than $5k last year), in recovery (M = 111 days sober), and residing in a residential recovery program were randomized to receive either a 10-hour communication-skills class (n=9) or a wait-list control condition (n=10). The communication class covered skills from Motivational Interviewing, social work interviewing, and positive psychology and was grounded in person-centered humanistic philosophy and 12-step community wisdom. All participants were video-recorded having a conversation with a SF pre-post intervention to demonstrate communication skills. Videos were coded using a modification of the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Coding Manual to count person-centered behaviors including reflections and open-ended questions. After each conversation, the SF rated his satisfaction with the conversation using the Interpersonal Communication Satisfaction Inventory. Post-intervention interviews with participants assessed the impact of the skills on broader personal relationships. Results: The average increase in person-centered utterances as a percentage of total utterances pre-post intervention was significantly higher for individuals in the communication-skills class compared to the control group, 32% versus 2%, (t(15)=2.2, p=<.05). The average increase in the SF’s communication satisfaction pre-post intervention was higher for individuals in the communication-skills class, 22 versus 3 points, (t(15)=1.9, p<.10). Qualitative data suggested that the skills had a positive impact on family and 12-step relationships. Conclusions: Individuals with a history of severe substance use disorder were able to learn person-centered skills in this pilot study, as demonstrated by video-recorded data, perceptions from a SF, and positive exchanges in the social environment. These results suggest that the skills can help enhance positive interpersonal relationships in recovery.
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    Premorbid Deviations in Cerebral Cortex: Examining Indicators of Risk for Substance Abuse in a High-Risk Family Study Design
    (2020) Lei, Sheng
    Substance use disorder, or SUDs, have been a significant public health concern that links to multiple neurological impairments. Most of the research on SUDs has been done on individuals that have already been exposed to SUDs for a substantial period of time, and hardly examined are the neurological changes in young, substance-naïve children of parents with SUDs, who are at high risk for developing SUDs. In the study covered by this report, a high-risk family study design was used to examine whether children at high familial risk (by virtue of a parent with a SUD) show brain deviations relative to children at low familial risk. Cortical thickness in key brain regions previously mapped to functionally defined networks was measured and compared, but only the cortical thickness in the somatomotor cortex showed significant differences (p < .05). No significant sex interactions were found. These results may point to the possibility that SUD-related brain deviations are more related to substance use rather than premorbid familial liability, but this possibility will need to be examined by further research with larger samples.
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    Utilization by and impact of recovery housing on adults attending an intensive outpatient program for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders
    (2024-03-18) Slotty, Brooke; Ries, Mikayla; Aceiro, Amilla; Gus, Emily; Wiseman, Jennifer; Markon, Kristian; Van Wert, Michael