Browsing by Subject "spectral"

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    The Emergence of Gendered Phonetic Variation in Preschool Children: Findings from a Longitudinal Study
    (2021-06) Koeppe, Kiana
    Gendered speech variation has been found in adults and children. In adults, sexual dimorphism is an important component of this variation, but prepubertal children lack this anatomical differentiation. Research has shown that adults also use learned behaviors to perform their gender, and a growing body of research has suggested that gendered speech variation in children is also due to learning. One of those learned sociophonetic variations is seen in the production of /s/. In this study, the development and variation of /s/ and /ʃ/ production between 55 children assigned male at birth (AMAB) and 55 children assigned female at birth (AFAB) was analyzed. A systematic comparison of /s/ and /ʃ/ accuracy and spectral properties at 28-39 months old and at 53-66 months old suggested that /s/ variation is a possible gender marker that is learned early in life.
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    OFR14-01, Evaluation of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic method for estimating the thickness of Quaternary deposits in Minnesota and adjacent parts of Wisconsin
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 2014) Chandler, V.W.; Lively, R.S.
    Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) of ambient seismic noise may be used to estimate the thickness of sediment over bedrock, based on empirically-derived, power-curve relationships between sediment thickness and primary resonant frequency of shear-waves. The primary resonant frequency can be deduced from prominent peaks or troughs in the HVSR spectra, provided that the sediment-bedrock interface is reasonably flat, and is associated with a strong acoustic impedance contrast. Several recent geologic investigations in southern Minnesota have provided an opportunity to evaluate the HVSR method as a way to estimate the thickness of Quaternary sediments for a variety of bedrock and sediment conditions. Wherever Quaternary sediments cover the bedrock in Minnesota and adjacent areas, the HVSR method will be a useful supplement to geological and other geophysical investigations, provided that appropriate cautions are heeded. Although, the HVSR method does not match conventional seismic studies in the level of interpretive detail such as modeling a surface, it offers distinct advantages of rapid data collection, much lower equipment and staff costs, ease of data analysis and the large number of samples that can be collected within an area. The HVSR method can also be readily applied in areas of significant cultural noise, where conventional seismic data is difficult or impossible to obtain.