Browsing by Subject "sleep"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Changing Times: Findings from the First Longitudinal Study of Later High School Start Times
    (NASSP Bulletin, 2002-12) Wahlstrom, Kyla
    In the early 1990s, medical research found that teenagers have biologically different sleep and wake patterns than the preadolescent or adult population. On the basis of that information, in 1997 the seven comprehensive high schools in the Minneapolis Public School District shifted the school start time from 7:15 a.m. to 8:40 a.m. This article examines that change, finding significant benefits such as improved attendance and enrollment rates, less sleeping in class, and less student-reported depression. Policy implications are briefly discussed, acknowledging this to be a highly charged issue in school districts across the United States.
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    Examining Mediators of the Association Between Child Maltreatment and Sleep Disturbance in College Students
    (2022-09) Kaubrys, McKenzie
    A significant portion of students entering college have a history of childhood maltreatment, which has been associated with greater risk for negative mental and physical health outcomes across the lifespan, including disrupted sleep. The present study aimed to assess four mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep in a sample of college students. Informed by the hyperarousal model of insomnia, we hypothesized that greater daily rumination, lower perceptions of perceived present control over daily stressors, poorer sleep hygiene, and greater psychological distress would mediate the relation between maltreatment and sleep. The hypothesized model was compared to an alternate path reversal model. Participants (N = 227) electronically completed a self-report measure of childhood maltreatment (baseline) and daily diary surveys assessing rumination, present control, sleep hygiene, and distress for 14 days. Daily measures were aggregated across the 14 days of assessment. Structural equation models were used to test hypotheses. Child maltreatment was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance. Sleep hygiene partially mediated the association between maltreatment and sleep, whereas the indirect effects of maltreatment on sleep through rumination, present control, and distress were nonsignificant. Results from the alternate path reversal model demonstrated that sleep disturbance mediated the relation between child maltreatment and sleep hygiene and present control, respectively, and sleep disturbance partially mediated the relation between maltreatment and distress and rumination. Results are discussed in the context of previous research and future implications, including informing interventions on university campuses.
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    Exploring the Effects of the Presence or Absence of Sleep Architecture and Critically Ill Patient Outcomes
    (2019-05) Genzler, Laura
    Abstract Background: Sleep disturbances and deprivation are known to exist in the critically ill patient. Over a 24-hour period, the critically ill can have 7-9 hours of sleep, but as much as 50% of that sleep can occur during daytime hours, signifying significant sleep fragmentation. Furthermore, some critically ill patients have been found to have abnormal brain waves that obliterate normal sleep architecture. These patients are without conventional sleep markers exhibiting no Stage II sleep spindles, minimal rapid eye movement sleep, and slow background brain wave reactivity. Disrupted sleep has been associated with delirium, weakened immune system, impaired wound healing, nitrogen imbalance, and negative cardiac, pulmonary, and neurological consequences which may all lead to negative patient outcomes. Objective: The objective of this dissertation was to explore factors and outcomes associated with sleep disturbances in critically ill patients. The state of knowledge related to sleep and delirium in critically ill patients were explored. The tools and challenges of measuring sleep in patients while in the intensive care unit (ICU) were also explored. Methods: Using a data base from retrospective chart review of 84 subjects, factors and outcomes related to the presence or absence of sleep in critically ill patients were explored. Literature reviews determined the state of knowledge related to sleep and delirium and the measurement of sleep in critically ill patients. Results. Severity of disease was significantly associated the absence of sleep architecture in both the continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) 1 to 2- and 1 to 5-day groups. Propofol was significantly associated with the presence or absence of sleep architecture in the day 1-2 group. After adjusting for age and medications, serum creatinine and neurologic physiologic state during days 1 to 2 of cEEG are factors associated with no sleep architecture using bi-variate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age and medications during Days 1-2 cEEG found abnormal serum creatinine to be statically significant. After adjusting for age and medications, encephalopathy and developmental disability were factors significantly associated with no sleep architecture in the Day 1-5 group. . Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age and medication during days 1-5 cEEG found the physiologic states of encephalopathy and developmental disability to be significantly associated with the absence of sleep architecture. The patient outcomes of increased mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay and hospital length of stay were associated significantly with no sleep architecture during Days 1-2 cEEG. In the 1-5 Days cEEG group, hospital length of stay was significantly associated with no sleep architecture. Post-hospitalization transfer location was associated with no sleep architecture for both cEEG groups. Discharge to home was associated with the presence of sleep architecture. Conclusions: Certain patient characteristics are associated with the presence or absence of sleep architecture. The presence or absence of sleep architecture may impact patient outcomes. The exploratory study indicates that future prospective research with larger sample sizes and sleep architecture specifics is needed to advance the state of knowledge. While delirium theoretically may be related to sleep disturbances, more research is needed to determine if a correlation exists. Measuring sleep architecture in ICU patients can be challenging. Critical illness can impact the reliability and accuracy of sleep measurement tools including the gold standard polysomnography. Researchers need to be clear in their research goals and know the challenges related to the various sleep measurement tools.
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    Insomnia
    (2010-07-21) Clark, Allison
    Insomnia is a common problem in primary care. There are many different medications, both prescription and over-the-counter available for its treatment. This patient education tool describes the causes and diagnosis of insomnia. It also discusses options for treatment, focusing on the non-pharmacological option of sleep hygiene.
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    Minneapolis Public Schools Start Time Study Executive Summary 1998
    (University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, 1998-11) Wahlstrom, Kyla; Wrobel, G.; Kubow, P.; Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement
    Effective with the 1997-98 school year, the Minneapolis School District changed the starting time of its seven comprehensive high schools to 8:40 AM and the dismissal time to 3:20 PM. Prior to the change, classes began at the high schools at 7:15 AM and dismissed at 1:45 PM.
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    Minneapolis Public Schools Start Time Study Executive Summary 2001
    (University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, 2001-08) Wahlstrom, Kyla; Davison, Mark L.; Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement
    Effective with the 1997-98 school year, the Minneapolis School District changed the starting time of its seven comprehensive high schools to 8:40 AM and the dismissal time to 3:20 PM. Prior to the change, classes began at the high schools at 7:15 AM and dismissed at 1:45 PM. In the fall of the 2000-01 school year, CAREI was asked by the school district to examine the data about student grades and attendance and to repeat the administration of the School Sleep Habits Survey. The district was interested in knowing if the positive outcomes that had been present during the first year of the change were persisting over the long term. This report is the result of that follow-up study.
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    Organizational and work correlates of sleep
    (2020-06) Yamada, Tetsuhiro
    Sleep has been associated with various work and health outcomes. Despite this, only a narrow range of its correlates have been studied in the IO/OB literature. Meanwhile, approximately one-third of adults in the United States have been found to be sleep-deprived, underscoring the importance of investigating potential correlates from multiple perspectives, one of which is the work context. To begin to address this issue, the current series of studies investigated a greater range of characteristics of the work context associated with sleep than has previously been studied, as well as develop a construct that pertains to the attitudes toward, and practices regarding, sleep. In Study 1, the construct of sleep climate was introduced to represent characteristics of the workplace regarding communication about sleep as well as practices, expectations, and attitudes that directly target sleep (e.g., education about proper sleep). In a sample of online participants, sleep climate along with other selected work context variables (e.g., climate, job characteristics) were found to correlate with sleep behavior. In Study 2, the malleability of sleep climate was investigated. Among a sample of medical school students, it was found that a workshop designed to teach the negative consequences of poor sleep as well as sleep tips positively altered sleep climate perceptions of participants. Furthermore, this change was accompanied by positive changes in sleep quality and quantity. In Study 3, agreement of sleep climate perceptions within workplaces was investigated. Among medical residents, membership in residency programs and learning sites was a significant source of variance in sleep climate perception. Agreement indices also suggested that the level of agreement on sleep climate perception of individuals at a given workplace is comparable to level of agreement on other work context variables such as general climate and job characteristics. In addition, relationships between these work context variables and sleep that were found in Study 1 were largely replicated. Implications of these findings are discussed, along with practical recommendations.
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    School Start Time Study Final Report, Volume 2: Analysis of Student Survey Data
    (University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, 1998) Wahlstrom, Kyla L
    Effective with the 1996-97 school year, the Edina School District was the first district in the U.S. to change to a later starting time for their high school, going from 7:20 AM to an 8:30 AM start. This Volume II Report reports the data analysis and findings for survey responses from 7,168 secondary students, comparing the results from the Edina students to students in 16 additional school districts in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area. The report also provides a comparison of findings for students in Rhode Island who also experienced a change to a later start time. The survey used was the School Sleep Habits Survey created by Bradley Hospital at Brown University. A discussion of the comparative findings and possible future research studies is also included.
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    Schools Start Time Study Final Report, Volume I
    (University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, 1998) Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement
    The initial purpose of this study was to discover and examine the array of factors inherent in a consideration of changing the starting time for high schools in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area. It has gathered information from multiple sources and perspectives, including students, teachers, parents, school administrators, community members, and medical researchers. Effective with the 1997-98 school year, the Minneapolis School District changed the starting time of its seven comprehensive high schools to 8:40 AM and the dismissal time to 3:20 PM. Prior to the change, classes began at the high schools at 7:15 AM and dismissed at 1:45 PM.